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Novavax NVX-COV2373 triggers potent neutralization of Omicron sub-lineages

View ORCID ProfileJinal N. Bhiman, Simone I. Richardson, Bronwen E. Lambson, Prudence Kgagudi, Nonkululeko Mzindle, Haajira Kaldine, Carol Crowther, Glenda Gray, Linda-Gail Bekker, Novavax trial clinical lead author group, Vivek Shinde, Chijioke Bennett, Gregory M. Glenn, Shabir Madhi, View ORCID ProfilePenny L. Moore
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.14.500148
Jinal N. Bhiman
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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  • ORCID record for Jinal N. Bhiman
Simone I. Richardson
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bronwen E. Lambson
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Prudence Kgagudi
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nonkululeko Mzindle
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Haajira Kaldine
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Carol Crowther
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Glenda Gray
3The South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Linda-Gail Bekker
4Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
5The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Vivek Shinde
6Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
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Chijioke Bennett
6Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
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Gregory M. Glenn
6Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
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Shabir Madhi
7South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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  • For correspondence: Shabir.Madhi@wits.ac.za pennym@nicd.ac.za
Penny L. Moore
1National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
2MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
4Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
8Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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  • ORCID record for Penny L. Moore
  • For correspondence: Shabir.Madhi@wits.ac.za pennym@nicd.ac.za
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Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant of Concern (VOC) and its sub-lineages (including BA.2, BA.4/5, BA.2.12.1) contain spike mutations that confer high level resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine, a protein nanoparticle vaccine, has value in countries with constrained cold-chain requirements. Here we report neutralizing titers following two or three doses of NVX-CoV2373. We show that after two doses, Omicron sub-lineages BA.1 and BA.4 were resistant to neutralization by 72% (21/29) and 59% (17/29) of samples. However, after a third dose of NVX-CoV2373, we observed high titers against Omicron BA.1 (GMT: 1,197) and BA.4 (GMT: 582), with responses similar in magnitude to those triggered by three doses of an mRNA vaccine. These data are of particular relevance as BA.4 is emerging to become the dominant strain in many locations, and highlight the potential utility of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine as a booster in resource-limited environments.

Competing Interest Statement

Drs. Shinde and Bennett report being employed by and owning shares in Novavax; Dr. Q. Bhorat, receiving grant support from Wits Health Consortium, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, GSK, Avillion, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, and Novavax; Dr. Fouche, receiving grant support from BioNTech; Dr. Glenn, being employed by and owning stock in Novavax and owning stock in RA Capital; and Dr. Madhi, receiving grant support, paid to his institution, from Pfizer and GSK.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 17, 2022.
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Novavax NVX-COV2373 triggers potent neutralization of Omicron sub-lineages
Jinal N. Bhiman, Simone I. Richardson, Bronwen E. Lambson, Prudence Kgagudi, Nonkululeko Mzindle, Haajira Kaldine, Carol Crowther, Glenda Gray, Linda-Gail Bekker, Novavax trial clinical lead author group, Vivek Shinde, Chijioke Bennett, Gregory M. Glenn, Shabir Madhi, Penny L. Moore
bioRxiv 2022.07.14.500148; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.14.500148
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Novavax NVX-COV2373 triggers potent neutralization of Omicron sub-lineages
Jinal N. Bhiman, Simone I. Richardson, Bronwen E. Lambson, Prudence Kgagudi, Nonkululeko Mzindle, Haajira Kaldine, Carol Crowther, Glenda Gray, Linda-Gail Bekker, Novavax trial clinical lead author group, Vivek Shinde, Chijioke Bennett, Gregory M. Glenn, Shabir Madhi, Penny L. Moore
bioRxiv 2022.07.14.500148; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.14.500148

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