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Frequent non-genic adaptation and gene birth through the interplay of functionality and expression in a population model

Somya Mani, View ORCID ProfileTsvi Tlusty
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.31.502179
Somya Mani
1Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea,
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  • For correspondence: somyamn@gmail.com
Tsvi Tlusty
2Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, and Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea,
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Abstract

Over evolutionary timescales, genomic loci switch between functional and non-functional states through processes such as pseudogenization and de novo gene birth. Here we ask about the likelihood and rate of functionalization of non-functional loci. We simulate an evolutionary model to look at the contributions of mutations and structural variation using biologically reasonable distributions of mutational effects. We find that a wide range of mutational effects are conducive to functionalization, thus indicating the ubiquity of this process. During functionalization, loci transition from a mutation dominated ’learning’ phase to a selection dominated adaptation phase. Interestingly, in the special case of de novo gene birth, whereby non-functional loci begin to express a functional product, we find that expression level changes lead to rare, extreme jumps in fitness, whereas sustained adaptation is driven by product functionality. Our work supports the idea that the potential for adaptation is spread widely across the genome, and our results offer mechanistic insights into the process of de novo gene birth.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 02, 2022.
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Frequent non-genic adaptation and gene birth through the interplay of functionality and expression in a population model
Somya Mani, Tsvi Tlusty
bioRxiv 2022.07.31.502179; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.31.502179
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Frequent non-genic adaptation and gene birth through the interplay of functionality and expression in a population model
Somya Mani, Tsvi Tlusty
bioRxiv 2022.07.31.502179; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.31.502179

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