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Food quantity does not compensate for poor food quality in fitness of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

View ORCID ProfileJessica Garzke, View ORCID ProfileIan Forster, Caroline Graham, View ORCID ProfileDavid Costalago, View ORCID ProfileBrian P.V. Hunt
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.28.505594
Jessica Garzke
1Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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  • For correspondence: j.garzke@oceans.ubc.ca
Ian Forster
2Pacific Science Enterprise Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr., West Vancouver BC, Canada V7V 1N6
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Caroline Graham
1Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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David Costalago
1Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Brian P.V. Hunt
1Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
3Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020 – 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
4Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada, V0P 1H0
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Abstract

Changes in marine prey availability and nutritional quality can have effects on juvenile salmon fitness (i.e., growth, condition, and mortality) during the early marine phase. There is limited knowledge of the interplay between prey availability and prey quality, and the importance of food quality under food satiated conditions. Here, a four-phase and 11-week long feeding experiment measured the effects of nutritional quality (fatty acid composition and ratios) juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fitness. Experimental diets were chosen based on the ratio of two essential fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We tested the effects of three diets with different DHA/EPA ratios representing different naturally occurring prey species (DHA/EPA: Artemia = 0.05; Aquafeed = 0.79; Krill (Euphasia pacifica) = 0.99). The four experimental phases were: 1 - acclimation; 2 - weaning onto treatment diets; 3 - experimental feeding phase; 4 - Artemia-reared fish switching to commercial aquafeed. Fish were sampled weekly for all treatments and replicates, and growth rates, condition (RNA/DNA and Fulton K), fatty acid composition and mortality rates were measured. Fatty acids were incorporated into salmon muscle at varying rates but on average reflected dietary concentrations. High dietary concentrations of DHA, EPA and high DHA/EPA ratios resulted in increased fish growth and condition. In contrast, low concentrations of DHA and EPA and low DHA/EPA ratios in the diets were not compensated for by increased food quantity. This result highlights the importance of food quality being considered when assessing fish response to changing ocean conditions.

Highlights

  • High concentrations of DHA, EPA and DHA/EPA ratios resulted in increased fish growth and condition

  • Higher food intake does not compensate for low DHA, EPA and DHA/EPA

  • Changes in zooplankton species composition as food source affect juvenile Chinook condition

  • Climate change effects on zooplankton species composition can affect juvenile Chinook condition

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted August 29, 2022.
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Food quantity does not compensate for poor food quality in fitness of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Jessica Garzke, Ian Forster, Caroline Graham, David Costalago, Brian P.V. Hunt
bioRxiv 2022.08.28.505594; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.28.505594
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Food quantity does not compensate for poor food quality in fitness of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Jessica Garzke, Ian Forster, Caroline Graham, David Costalago, Brian P.V. Hunt
bioRxiv 2022.08.28.505594; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.28.505594

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