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Spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity as robust markers of brain states during sleep and wakefulness

View ORCID ProfileChristopher Höhn, View ORCID ProfileMichael A. Hahn, View ORCID ProfileJanna D. Lendner, View ORCID ProfileKerstin Hoedlmoser
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.10.507390
Christopher Höhn
1Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
2Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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  • For correspondence: christopher.hoehn@plus.ac.at kerstin.hoedlmoser@plus.ac.at
Michael A. Hahn
3Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Janna D. Lendner
3Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kerstin Hoedlmoser
1Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
2Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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  • For correspondence: christopher.hoehn@plus.ac.at kerstin.hoedlmoser@plus.ac.at
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Abstract

Spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity are affected in many neurophysiological disorders and are modulated by sleep, anesthesia, and aging. Yet, few studies have explored the relationship between these two parameters. We evaluated the impact of sleep stage and task-engagement (resting, attention and memory) on spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity in a narrow- (30 – 45Hz) and broadband (1 – 45Hz) frequency range in 28 healthy males (21.54 ± 1.90 years) over three recordings. Only in the broadband range, the slope steepens and complexity decreases continuously from wakefulness to N3. However, REM sleep is best discriminated by the narrowband slope. Importantly, slope and complexity also differentiate between tasks during wakefulness. While the narrowband complexity decreases across tasks, the slope is flattening with task engagement in both frequency ranges. In general, broadband slope and complexity are strongly positively correlated, but we observe a dissociation between them in the narrowband range. Critically, only the narrowband slope is associated with better Go/Nogo task performance. Our results demonstrate that slope and complexity are both powerful indices of sleep depth, task engagement and cognitive performance. While the broadband range is better suited to discriminate between brain states, especially the narrowband slope is a unique marker of task performance.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • The manuscript has been updated extensively to incorporate reviewer's comments and suggestions. Additional analyses were added, showing that the modulation of the spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity is not driven by EMG activity. Additionally, the claim of different levels of task-demand has been down tuned as it cannot be shown that the differences in slope and complexity between tasks can be ascribed to varying task demands. Finally, several text passages have been rephrased and additional information is provided in the methods section.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted April 11, 2023.
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Spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity as robust markers of brain states during sleep and wakefulness
Christopher Höhn, Michael A. Hahn, Janna D. Lendner, Kerstin Hoedlmoser
bioRxiv 2022.09.10.507390; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.10.507390
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Spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity as robust markers of brain states during sleep and wakefulness
Christopher Höhn, Michael A. Hahn, Janna D. Lendner, Kerstin Hoedlmoser
bioRxiv 2022.09.10.507390; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.10.507390

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