Abstract
Kinetochores connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules to ensure their correct segregation during cell division. Kinetochores of human and yeast are largely homologous, their ability to track depolymerizing microtubules however is carried out by the non-homologous complexes Ska1-C and Dam1-C, respectively. We previously reported the unique anti-correlating phylogenetic profiles of Dam1-C and Ska-C found amongst a wide variety of eukaryotes. Based on these profiles and the limited presence of Dam1-C, we speculated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) could have played a role in the evolutionary history of Dam1-C.
Here, we present expanded analyses of Dam1-c evolution, using additional genome as well as transcriptome sequences and recently acquired 3D structure data. This analysis revealed a wider and more complete presence of Dam1-C in Cryptista, Rhizaria, Ichthyosporea, CRuMs, and Colponemidia. The fungal Dam1-C cryo-EM structure supports earlier hypothesized intra-complex homologies, which enables the reconstruction of rooted and unrooted phylogenies. The rooted tree of concatenated Dam1-C subunits is statistically consistent with the species tree of eukaryotes, suggesting that Dam1-C is ancient, and that the present-day phylogenetic distribution is best explained by multiple, independent losses and no HGT was involved. Furthermore, we investigated the ancient origin of Dam1-C via profile-profile searches. Homology among eight out of the ten Dam1-C subunits suggested that the complex largely evolved from a single multimerizing subunit that diversified into an octameric core via stepwise duplication and sub-functionalization of the subunits before the origin of the Last Common Ancestor.
Significance The Dam1 complex has a crucial role in cell division yet its distribution across species is very patchy. To resolve the evolutionary origin of this peculiar distribution, we used the recently acquired 3D structure to obtain a rooted phylogeny. This study makes an important step in discovering the evolutionary history of the Dam1 complex, by determining that Dam1-C was part of the Last eukaryotic Common Ancestor and arose via stepwise duplications during the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
