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Low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by 4 doses of parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5-bivalent booster

Chaitanya Kurhade, Jing Zou, Hongjie Xia, Mingru Liu, Hope C. Chang, Ping Ren, View ORCID ProfileXuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.31.514580
Chaitanya Kurhade
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Jing Zou
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Hongjie Xia
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Mingru Liu
2Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas, USA
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Hope C. Chang
2Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas, USA
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Ping Ren
2Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas, USA
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  • For correspondence: peren@utmb.edu xuxie@utmb.edu peshi@utmb.edu
Xuping Xie
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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  • ORCID record for Xuping Xie
  • For correspondence: peren@utmb.edu xuxie@utmb.edu peshi@utmb.edu
Pei-Yong Shi
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
3Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
4Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
5Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
6Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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  • For correspondence: peren@utmb.edu xuxie@utmb.edu peshi@utmb.edu
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Abstract

The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1.1, XBB.1, and other sublineages have accumulated additional spike mutations that may affect vaccine effectiveness. Here we report neutralizing activities of three human serum panels collected from individuals 1-3 months after dose 4 of parental mRNA vaccine (post-dose-4), 1 month after a BA.5-bivalent-booster (BA.5-bivalent-booster), or 1 month after a BA.5-bivalent-booster with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (BA.5-bivalent-booster-infection). Post-dose-4 sera neutralized USA-WA1/2020, BA.5, BF.7, BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 SARS-CoV-2 with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 1533, 95, 69, 62, 26, 22, and 15, respectively; BA.5-bivalent-booster sera improved the GMTs to 3620, 298, 305, 183, 98, 73, and 35; BA.5-bivalent-booster-infection sera further increased the GMTs to 5776, 1558,1223, 744, 367, 267, and 103. Thus, although BA.5-bivalent-booster elicits better neutralization than parental vaccine, it does not produce robust neutralization against the newly emerged Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1. Previous infection enhances the magnitude and breadth of BA.5-bivalent-booster-elicited neutralization.

Competing Interest Statement

X.X. and P.-Y.S. have filed a patent on the reverse genetic system. X.X., J.Z., and P.-Y.S. received compensation from Pfizer for COVID-19 vaccine development. Other authors declare no competing interests.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 02, 2022.
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Low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by 4 doses of parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5-bivalent booster
Chaitanya Kurhade, Jing Zou, Hongjie Xia, Mingru Liu, Hope C. Chang, Ping Ren, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi
bioRxiv 2022.10.31.514580; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.31.514580
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Low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 by 4 doses of parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5-bivalent booster
Chaitanya Kurhade, Jing Zou, Hongjie Xia, Mingru Liu, Hope C. Chang, Ping Ren, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi
bioRxiv 2022.10.31.514580; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.31.514580

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