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Competition between bottom-up visual input and internal inhibition generates error neurons in a model of the mouse primary visual cortex

J. Galván Fraile, Franz Scherr, José J. Ramasco, Anton Arkhipov, Wolfgang Maass, Claudio R. Mirasso
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.27.525984
J. Galván Fraile
1Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), UIB-CSIC, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain
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  • For correspondence: jgalvan@ifisc.uib-csic.es
Franz Scherr
2Institute of Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16b/I, Graz, 8010, Austria
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José J. Ramasco
1Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), UIB-CSIC, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain
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Anton Arkhipov
3Mindscope Program, Allen Institute, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, 98109, Washington, USA
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Wolfgang Maass
2Institute of Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16b/I, Graz, 8010, Austria
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Claudio R. Mirasso
1Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), UIB-CSIC, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain
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Abstract

The predictive coding theory, although attractive, is far from being proven. Supporters of this theory agree that bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down predictions of these inputs must be compared in certain types of neurons called error neurons. Excitatory neurons in layer 2/3 (E2/3) of the primary visual cortex (V1) are ideal candidates to act as error neurons, although how these error neurons are generated is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into how the genetically encoded structure of canonical microcircuits in the neocortex implements the emergence of error neurons. To this end, we used a biologically realistic computational model of V1, developed by the Allen Institute, to study the effect that sudden changes in bottom-up input had on the dynamics of E2/3 neurons. We found that the responses of these neurons can be divided into two main classes: one that depolarized (reporting positive errors; dVf neurons) and one that hyperpolarized (reporting negative errors; hVf neurons). Detailed analysis of both network and effective connectivity allowed us to uncover the mechanism that led to the dynamic segregation of these neurons. This mechanism was found to be the competition between the external visual input, originating in the thalamus, and the recurrent inhibition, originating mainly in layers 2/3 and 4. In contrast, we found no evidence of similar division and responses in excitatory infragranular neurons of layers 5 and 6. Our results are in agreement with recent experimental findings and shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the emergence of error neurons.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 30, 2023.
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Competition between bottom-up visual input and internal inhibition generates error neurons in a model of the mouse primary visual cortex
J. Galván Fraile, Franz Scherr, José J. Ramasco, Anton Arkhipov, Wolfgang Maass, Claudio R. Mirasso
bioRxiv 2023.01.27.525984; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.27.525984
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Competition between bottom-up visual input and internal inhibition generates error neurons in a model of the mouse primary visual cortex
J. Galván Fraile, Franz Scherr, José J. Ramasco, Anton Arkhipov, Wolfgang Maass, Claudio R. Mirasso
bioRxiv 2023.01.27.525984; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.27.525984

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