Abstract
In Nature, chemotactic interactions are ubiquitous and play a critical role in driving the collective behaviour of living organisms. Reproducing these interactions in vitro is still a paramount challenge due to the complexity of mimicking and controlling cellular features, such as metabolic density, cytosolic macromolecular crowding and cellular migration, on a microorganism size scale. Here we generate enzymatically-active cell-size droplets able to move freely and, by following a chemical gradient, able to interact with the surrounding droplets in a collective manner. The enzyme within the droplets generates a pH gradient that protrudes to the outer edge of the droplets. We discovered that this external pH gradient controls droplets direction and speed, ultimately inducing migration. Further, we showed that these cellular-like features can facilitate the reconstitution of a simple and linear protometabolic pathway with improved overall activity. Our work suggests that simple and stable, in vitro membraneless droplets can be applied to reproduce complex biological phenomena opening new perspectives as bioinspired materials and synthetic biology tools.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
