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Diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy

Emily H. Adhikari, Pei Lu, Ye jin Kang, Ann R. McDonald, Jessica E. Pruszynski, Timothy A. Bates, Savannah K. McBride, Mila Trank-Greene, View ORCID ProfileFikadu G. Tafesse, Lenette L. Lu
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.01.538955
Emily H. Adhikari
1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
2Parkland Health, Dallas TX
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Pei Lu
3Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Ye jin Kang
3Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Ann R. McDonald
3Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Jessica E. Pruszynski
1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Timothy A. Bates
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Savannah K. McBride
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Mila Trank-Greene
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Fikadu G. Tafesse
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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  • ORCID record for Fikadu G. Tafesse
Lenette L. Lu
2Parkland Health, Dallas TX
3Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
5Department of Immunology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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  • For correspondence: lenette.lu@utsouthwestern.edu
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Abstract

Immunization in pregnancy is a critical tool that can be leveraged to protect the infant with an immature immune system but how vaccine-induced antibodies transfer to the placenta and protect the maternal-fetal dyad remains unclear. Here, we compare matched maternal-infant cord blood from individuals who in pregnancy received mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, were infected by SARS-CoV-2, or had the combination of these two immune exposures. We find that some but not all antibody neutralizing activities and Fc effector functions are enriched with vaccination compared to infection. Preferential transport to the fetus of Fc functions and not neutralization is observed. Immunization compared to infection enriches IgG1-mediated antibody functions with changes in antibody post-translational sialylation and fucosylation that impact fetal more than maternal antibody functional potency. Thus, vaccine enhanced antibody functional magnitude, potency and breadth in the fetus are driven more by antibody glycosylation and Fc effector functions compared to maternal responses, highlighting prenatal opportunities to safeguard newborns as SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic.

One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy induces diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 02, 2023.
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Diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy
Emily H. Adhikari, Pei Lu, Ye jin Kang, Ann R. McDonald, Jessica E. Pruszynski, Timothy A. Bates, Savannah K. McBride, Mila Trank-Greene, Fikadu G. Tafesse, Lenette L. Lu
bioRxiv 2023.05.01.538955; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.01.538955
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Diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy
Emily H. Adhikari, Pei Lu, Ye jin Kang, Ann R. McDonald, Jessica E. Pruszynski, Timothy A. Bates, Savannah K. McBride, Mila Trank-Greene, Fikadu G. Tafesse, Lenette L. Lu
bioRxiv 2023.05.01.538955; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.01.538955

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