Abstract
Precise intracellular regulation and robust perfect adaptation can be achieved using biomolecular integral controllers and it holds enormous potential for synthetic biology applications. In this letter, we consider the cascaded implementation of a class of such integrator motifs. Our cascaded integrators underpin proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control structures, which we leverage to suggest ways to improve dynamic performance. Moreover, we demonstrate how our cascaded strategy can be harnessed to enhance robust stability in a class of uncertain reaction networks. We also discuss the genetic implementation of our controllers and the natural occurrence of their cascaded sequestration pairs in bacterial pathogens.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Footnotes
This project has received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Advanced Grants: Theory and Design of Advanced Genetically Engineered Control Systems; grant agreement 216505
(emails: armin.zand{at}bsse.ethz.ch; ankit.gupta{at}bsse.ethz.ch;).
Main text has been updated with certain parts moved to the Supplemental file; the title slightly modified.