New Results
An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome
4D Nucleome Consortium, View ORCID ProfileJob Dekker, Betul Akgol Oksuz, Yang Zhang, Ye Wang, Miriam K. Minsk, Shuzhen Kuang, Liyan Yang, Johan H. Gibcus, Nils Krietenstein, Oliver J. Rando, Jie Xu, Derek H. Janssens, Steven Henikoff, Alexander Kukalev, Andréa Willemin, Warren Winick-Ng, Rieke Kempfer, View ORCID ProfileAna Pombo, Miao Yu, Pradeep Kumar, Liguo Zhang, Andrew S Belmont, Takayo Sasaki, Tom van Schaik, Laura Brueckner, Daan Peric-Hupkes, View ORCID ProfileBas van Steensel, Ping Wang, Haoxi Chai, View ORCID ProfileMinji Kim, Yijun Ruan, Ran Zhang, Sofia A. Quinodoz, Prashant Bhat, Mitchell Guttman, Wenxin Zhao, Shu Chien, Yuan Liu, Sergey V. Venev, View ORCID ProfileDariusz Plewczynski, Ibai Irastorza Azcarate, Dominik Szabó, Christoph J. Thieme, Teresa Szczepińska, Mateusz Chiliński, Kaustav Sengupta, Mattia Conte, Andrea Esposito, Alex Abraham, Ruochi Zhang, Yuchuan Wang, Xingzhao Wen, Qiuyang Wu, Yang Yang, Jie Liu, Lorenzo Boninsegna, Asli Yildirim, Yuxiang Zhan, Andrea Maria Chiariello, Simona Bianco, Lindsay Lee, Ming Hu, View ORCID ProfileYun Li, R. Jordan Barnett, Ashley L. Cook, Daniel J. Emerson, Claire Marchal, Peiyao Zhao, Peter Park, Burak H. Alver, Andrew Schroeder, Rahi Navelkar, Clara Bakker, William Ronchetti, Shannon Ehmsen, Alexander Veit, Nils Gehlenborg, Ting Wang, View ORCID ProfileDaofeng Li, Xiaotao Wang, Mario Nicodemi, Bing Ren, Sheng Zhong, Jennifer E. Phillips-Cremins, View ORCID ProfileDavid M. Gilbert, Katherine S. Pollard, Frank Alber, View ORCID ProfileJian Ma, William S. Noble, Feng Yue
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111
1Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Job Dekker
1Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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- ORCID record for Job Dekker
- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
Betul Akgol Oksuz
1Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Yang Zhang
3Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Ye Wang
4Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Miriam K. Minsk
5Department of Genetics, Department of Bioengineering, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Shuzhen Kuang
6Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
Liyan Yang
1Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Johan H. Gibcus
1Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Nils Krietenstein
7Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen
Oliver J. Rando
8Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
Jie Xu
9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Derek H. Janssens
10Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
11Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
Steven Henikoff
10Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
Alexander Kukalev
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Andréa Willemin
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Warren Winick-Ng
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Rieke Kempfer
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Ana Pombo
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Miao Yu
14University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
15State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Pradeep Kumar
16Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Liguo Zhang
16Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Andrew S Belmont
16Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Takayo Sasaki
17San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
Tom van Schaik
18Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
19Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
Laura Brueckner
18Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Daan Peric-Hupkes
18Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
19Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
Bas van Steensel
18Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
19Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
Ping Wang
20Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Haoxi Chai
21Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, P.R. China
Minji Kim
22Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Yijun Ruan
21Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, P.R. China
Ran Zhang
23Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
Sofia A. Quinodoz
24Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
25Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Prashant Bhat
24Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
26David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
Mitchell Guttman
24Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Wenxin Zhao
27Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Shu Chien
27Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Yuan Liu
27Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Sergey V. Venev
1Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Dariusz Plewczynski
28Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
29Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Ibai Irastorza Azcarate
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Dominik Szabó
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Christoph J. Thieme
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Teresa Szczepińska
12Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 10115 Berlin, Germany
13Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
Mateusz Chiliński
28Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
Kaustav Sengupta
28Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
Mattia Conte
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
Andrea Esposito
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
Alex Abraham
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
Ruochi Zhang
3Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Yuchuan Wang
3Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Xingzhao Wen
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
Qiuyang Wu
27Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Yang Yang
3Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Jie Liu
22Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Lorenzo Boninsegna
4Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Asli Yildirim
4Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Yuxiang Zhan
4Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Andrea Maria Chiariello
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
Simona Bianco
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
Lindsay Lee
32Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
Ming Hu
32Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
Yun Li
33Department of Biostatistics, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
R. Jordan Barnett
5Department of Genetics, Department of Bioengineering, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Ashley L. Cook
5Department of Genetics, Department of Bioengineering, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Daniel J. Emerson
5Department of Genetics, Department of Bioengineering, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Claire Marchal
34In silichrom Ltd, Newbury, UK
Peiyao Zhao
17San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
Peter Park
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Burak H. Alver
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Andrew Schroeder
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Rahi Navelkar
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Clara Bakker
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
William Ronchetti
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Shannon Ehmsen
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Alexander Veit
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Nils Gehlenborg
35Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
Ting Wang
36Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Daofeng Li
36Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Xiaotao Wang
9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
37Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
Mario Nicodemi
30Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; INFN, Naples, Italy
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- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
Bing Ren
14University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
Sheng Zhong
27Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
Jennifer E. Phillips-Cremins
5Department of Genetics, Department of Bioengineering, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
David M. Gilbert
17San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
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- For correspondence: job.dekker@umassmed.edu wangxiaotao@fudan.edu.cn mario.nicodemi@na.infn.it biren@ucsd.edu szhong@ucsd.edu jcremins@seas.upenn.edu gilbert@sdbri.org katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu falber@g.ucla.edu jianma@cs.cmu.edu william-noble@uw.edu Yue@northwestern.edu
Katherine S. Pollard
6Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Frank Alber
4Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jian Ma
3Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
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William S. Noble
23Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Feng Yue
9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
38Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
The dynamic three-dimensional (3D) organization of the human genome (the “4D Nucleome”) is closely linked to genome function. Here, we integrate a wide variety of genomic data generated by the 4D Nucleome Project to provide a detailed view of human 3D genome organization in widely used embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs) and immortalized fibroblasts (HFFc6). We provide extensive benchmarking of 3D genome mapping assays and integrate these diverse datasets to annotate spatial genomic features across scales. The data reveal a rich complexity of chromatin domains and their sub-nuclear positions, and over one hundred thousand structural loops and promoter-enhancer interactions. We developed 3D models of population-based and individual cell-to-cell variation in genome structure, establishing connections between chromosome folding, nuclear organization, chromatin looping, gene transcription, and DNA replication. We demonstrate the use of computational methods to predict genome folding from DNA sequence, uncovering potential effects of genetic variants on genome structure and function. Together, this comprehensive analysis contributes insights into human genome organization and enhances our understanding of connections between the regulation of genome function and 3D genome organization in general.
Competing Interest Statement
Job Dekker is a member of the scientific advisory board of Arima Genomics, San Diego, CA, USA and Omega Therapeutic, Cambridge, MA, USA. Sheng Zhong. is a founder and shareholder of Genemo, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA Bing Ren has equity in Arima Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA and Epigenome Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA Clair Marchal is the director and founder of In silichrom ltd.
Footnotes
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
Posted September 19, 2024.
An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome
4D Nucleome Consortium, Job Dekker, Betul Akgol Oksuz, Yang Zhang, Ye Wang, Miriam K. Minsk, Shuzhen Kuang, Liyan Yang, Johan H. Gibcus, Nils Krietenstein, Oliver J. Rando, Jie Xu, Derek H. Janssens, Steven Henikoff, Alexander Kukalev, Andréa Willemin, Warren Winick-Ng, Rieke Kempfer, Ana Pombo, Miao Yu, Pradeep Kumar, Liguo Zhang, Andrew S Belmont, Takayo Sasaki, Tom van Schaik, Laura Brueckner, Daan Peric-Hupkes, Bas van Steensel, Ping Wang, Haoxi Chai, Minji Kim, Yijun Ruan, Ran Zhang, Sofia A. Quinodoz, Prashant Bhat, Mitchell Guttman, Wenxin Zhao, Shu Chien, Yuan Liu, Sergey V. Venev, Dariusz Plewczynski, Ibai Irastorza Azcarate, Dominik Szabó, Christoph J. Thieme, Teresa Szczepińska, Mateusz Chiliński, Kaustav Sengupta, Mattia Conte, Andrea Esposito, Alex Abraham, Ruochi Zhang, Yuchuan Wang, Xingzhao Wen, Qiuyang Wu, Yang Yang, Jie Liu, Lorenzo Boninsegna, Asli Yildirim, Yuxiang Zhan, Andrea Maria Chiariello, Simona Bianco, Lindsay Lee, Ming Hu, Yun Li, R. Jordan Barnett, Ashley L. Cook, Daniel J. Emerson, Claire Marchal, Peiyao Zhao, Peter Park, Burak H. Alver, Andrew Schroeder, Rahi Navelkar, Clara Bakker, William Ronchetti, Shannon Ehmsen, Alexander Veit, Nils Gehlenborg, Ting Wang, Daofeng Li, Xiaotao Wang, Mario Nicodemi, Bing Ren, Sheng Zhong, Jennifer E. Phillips-Cremins, David M. Gilbert, Katherine S. Pollard, Frank Alber, Jian Ma, William S. Noble, Feng Yue
bioRxiv 2024.09.17.613111; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111
An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome
4D Nucleome Consortium, Job Dekker, Betul Akgol Oksuz, Yang Zhang, Ye Wang, Miriam K. Minsk, Shuzhen Kuang, Liyan Yang, Johan H. Gibcus, Nils Krietenstein, Oliver J. Rando, Jie Xu, Derek H. Janssens, Steven Henikoff, Alexander Kukalev, Andréa Willemin, Warren Winick-Ng, Rieke Kempfer, Ana Pombo, Miao Yu, Pradeep Kumar, Liguo Zhang, Andrew S Belmont, Takayo Sasaki, Tom van Schaik, Laura Brueckner, Daan Peric-Hupkes, Bas van Steensel, Ping Wang, Haoxi Chai, Minji Kim, Yijun Ruan, Ran Zhang, Sofia A. Quinodoz, Prashant Bhat, Mitchell Guttman, Wenxin Zhao, Shu Chien, Yuan Liu, Sergey V. Venev, Dariusz Plewczynski, Ibai Irastorza Azcarate, Dominik Szabó, Christoph J. Thieme, Teresa Szczepińska, Mateusz Chiliński, Kaustav Sengupta, Mattia Conte, Andrea Esposito, Alex Abraham, Ruochi Zhang, Yuchuan Wang, Xingzhao Wen, Qiuyang Wu, Yang Yang, Jie Liu, Lorenzo Boninsegna, Asli Yildirim, Yuxiang Zhan, Andrea Maria Chiariello, Simona Bianco, Lindsay Lee, Ming Hu, Yun Li, R. Jordan Barnett, Ashley L. Cook, Daniel J. Emerson, Claire Marchal, Peiyao Zhao, Peter Park, Burak H. Alver, Andrew Schroeder, Rahi Navelkar, Clara Bakker, William Ronchetti, Shannon Ehmsen, Alexander Veit, Nils Gehlenborg, Ting Wang, Daofeng Li, Xiaotao Wang, Mario Nicodemi, Bing Ren, Sheng Zhong, Jennifer E. Phillips-Cremins, David M. Gilbert, Katherine S. Pollard, Frank Alber, Jian Ma, William S. Noble, Feng Yue
bioRxiv 2024.09.17.613111; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111
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