Abstract
Just sustainability transformation is a process of change that has a dual commitment to human well-being and environmental sustainability. Inclusive transformation critically depends on recognition of the plural values of nature in society. Lack of value alignment can lead to profound disagreements with those in society not sharing the same views on nature.
To explore plural value perspectives, we introduce the Value Perspectives of Nature (VPN) scale. This scale builds on existing value literature and measurement scales as well as on transformative approaches, most notable the Nature Futures Framework.
Using a seven-step process that includes qualitative expert evaluations, cognitive interviews, and three rounds of quantitative pre-testing and validation, the scale is developed, refined, and validated across five European countries (representative sample; N=1000).
The final VPN scale consists of 11 items, measuring instrumental value perspectives (material and nonmaterial contributions to people), relational value perspectives (place attachment and identity; Fulfilment and well-being; Spirituality; and Kinship) and intrinsic value perspectives (nature as an end in itself and acknowledgement of the rights of nature). The final validation study shows moderate to high internal consistency, reliability, and predictive validity of the scale across all countries.
While existing scales often focus on single values, the VPN is the first cross-culturally validated scale that integrates intrinsic, instrumental, and relational value perspectives into one composite scale with a focus on changes for the future. Based on the development and analysis of the VPN, we discuss several theoretical and conceptual issues in relation to relational values.
Policy implications: The VPN scale can be used in survey research to understand attitudes towards nature restoration measures. This may facilitate dialogue on effective and just transformative change in nature, through sensitising to the plural values of diverse communities. It may also be used to monitor the diversity of value perspectives over time and between communities and stakeholders. Understanding such changes in mind-sets and taking into account concerns from critical groups in society will help navigate towards positive nature futures supported by the general public.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.