New Results
High genetic loading of schizophrenia predicts poor response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder: A polygenic score and cross-trait genetic analysis
View ORCID ProfileAzmeraw T. Amare, View ORCID ProfileKlaus Oliver Schubert, Liping Hou, Scott R. Clark, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Franziska Degenhardt, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Tatyana Shekhtman, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Bárbara Arias, Jean-Michel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi-Chung y, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Alexandre Dayer, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Étain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark. A Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Sébastien Gard, Julie. S Garnham, Fernando. S Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofmann, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jiménez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Sebastian Kliwicki, Barbara König, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landén, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan. G Leckband, Alfonso Tortorella, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis. M Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novák, Claire O’Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Urban Ösby, Andrea Pfennig, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy. A Rouleau, Janusz. K Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara. W Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Paul. D Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire. M Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Mario Maj, Gustavo Turecki, Eduard Vieta, Julia Volkert, Stephanie. H Witt, Adam Wright, Peter. P Zandi, Philip. B Mitchell, Michael Bauer, Martin Alda, Marcella Rietschel, View ORCID ProfileFrancis. J McMahon, View ORCID ProfileThomas G. Schulze, Bernhard T. Baune
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/209270
Azmeraw T. Amare
1Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Klaus Oliver Schubert
1Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
2Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Mental Health Services, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Liping Hou
3Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Scott R. Clark
1Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Sergi Papiol
4Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Urs Heilbronner
4Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
6Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Franziska Degenhardt
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
Fasil Tekola-Ayele
8Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Yi-Hsiang Hsu
9HSL Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
10Program for Quantitative Genomics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
11Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
Tatyana Shekhtman
12Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Mazda Adli
13Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
Nirmala Akula
3Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Kazufumi Akiyama
14Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
Raffaella Ardau
15Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Bárbara Arias
16Unitat de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica (Dpt. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Jean-Michel Aubry
17Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, HUG - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Lena Backlund
18Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee
12Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Frank Bellivier
19INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F.Widal, Paris, France
Antonio Benabarre
20Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Susanne Bengesser
21Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Joanna M. Biernacka
22Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
23Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Armin Birner
21Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Clara Brichant-Petitjean
19INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F.Widal, Paris, France
Pablo Cervantes
24The Neuromodulation Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
Hsi-Chung y
25Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Caterina Chillotti
15Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Sven Cichon
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
26Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Cristiana Cruceanu
27Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Piotr M. Czerski
28Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Nina Dalkner
21Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Alexandre Dayer
17Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, HUG - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Maria Del Zompo
29Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
J. Raymond DePaulo
30Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Bruno Étain
19INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F.Widal, Paris, France
Peter Falkai
32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Andreas J. Forstner
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
26Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
33Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Louise Frisen
18Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Mark. A Frye
23Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Janice M. Fullerton
34Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
35School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sébastien Gard
36Service de psychiatrie, Hôpital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
Julie. S Garnham
37Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Fernando. S Goes
30Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
38Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Paul Grof
39Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Ryota Hashimoto
40Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
41Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Joanna Hauser
28Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Stefan Herms
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
26Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Per Hoffmann
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
26Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Andrea Hofmann
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
Stephane Jamain
31Inserm U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
Esther Jiménez
20Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Jean-Pierre Kahn
42Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
Layla Kassem
3Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Po-Hsiu Kuo
43Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Tadafumi Kato
44Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
John Kelsoe
12Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Sarah Kittel-Schneider
45Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Sebastian Kliwicki
46Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Barbara König
47Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria
Ichiro Kusumi
48Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
Gonzalo Laje
3Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Mikael Landén
49Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
50Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Catharina Lavebratt
18Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Marion Leboyer
51Inserm U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
Susan. G Leckband
52Office of Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
Alfonso Tortorella
53Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Italy
Mirko Manchia
54Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
55Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Lina Martinsson
56Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Michael J. McCarthy
12Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
57Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
Susan McElroy
58Department of Psychiatry, Lindner Center of Hope / University of Cincinnati, Mason, OH, United States
Francesc Colom
59Mental Health Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
60Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Marina Mitjans
60Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
61Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
Francis. M Mondimore
30Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Palmiero Monteleone
62Neurosciences Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
63Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
Caroline M. Nievergelt
12Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Markus M. Nöthen
7Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
Tomas Novák
64National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
Claire O’Donovan
37Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Norio Ozaki
65Department of Psychiatry & Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
Urban Ösby
66Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Andrea Pfennig
67Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
James B. Potash
30Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Andreas Reif
44Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
Eva Reininghaus
21Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Guy. A Rouleau
68Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Janusz. K Rybakowski
45Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Martin Schalling
18Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Peter R. Schofield
34Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
35School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Barbara. W Schweizer
30Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Giovanni Severino
29Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Paul. D Shilling
12Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Katzutaka Shimoda
69Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
Christian Simhandl
70Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
Claire. M Slaney
37Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Alessio Squassina
29Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Thomas Stamm
13Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
Pavla Stopkova
64National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
Mario Maj
63Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
Gustavo Turecki
27Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Eduard Vieta
20Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Julia Volkert
44Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
Stephanie. H Witt
71Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Adam Wright
72School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
Peter. P Zandi
73Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
Philip. B Mitchell
72School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
Michael Bauer
67Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Martin Alda
37Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Marcella Rietschel
71Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Francis. J McMahon
3Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Thomas G. Schulze
3Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
4Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
6Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
30Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
71Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Bernhard T. Baune
1Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
ABSTRACT
Importance Lithium is a first-line mood stabilizer for the maintenance treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BPD). However, the efficacy of lithium varies widely, with a non-response rate of up to 30%. Biological response markers and predictors are lacking.
Objective Genetic factors are thought to mediate lithium treatment response, and the previously reported genetic overlap between BPD and schizophrenia (SCZ) led us to test whether a polygenic score (PGS) for SCZ could predict lithium treatment response in BPD. Further, we explored the potential molecular underpinnings of this association.
Design Weighted SCZ PGSs were computed at ten p-value thresholds (PT) using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 36,989 SCZ cases, and genotype data for BPD patients from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen). For functional exploration, we performed a cross-trait meta-GWAS and pathway analysis, combining GWAS summary statistics on SCZ and lithium treatment response.
Setting International multicenter GWAS.
Participants Patients with BPD who had undergone lithium treatment were genotyped and retrospectively assessed for long-term treatment response (n=2,586).
Main outcome measures Clinical treatment response to lithium was defined on both the categorical and continuous scales using the ALDA score. The effect measures include odds ratios (ORs) and the proportion of variance explained (R2), and a significant association was determined at p<0.05.
Results The PGS for SCZ was inversely associated with lithium treatment response in the categorical outcome (p=8×10−5), at PT <5×10−2. Patients with BPD who had low polygenic load for SCZ responded better to lithium, with ORs for lithium response ranging from 3.46 [95%CI: 1.42-8.41 at 1st decile] to 2.03 [95%CI: 0.86-4.81 at the 9th decile], compared to the patients in the 10th decile of SCZ risk. In the cross-trait meta-GWAS, 15 genetic loci that may have overlapping effects on lithium treatment response and susceptibility to SCZ were identified. Functional pathway and network analysis of these loci point to the HLA complex and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-4, IFNγ) as molecular contributors to lithium treatment response in BPD.
Conclusions and Relevance The study provides, for the first-time, evidence for a negative association between high genetic loading for SCZ and poor response to lithium in patients with BPD. These results suggest the potential for translational research aimed at personalized prescribing of lithium.
Question Does a polygenic score for Schizophrenia (SCZ) predict response to lithium in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BPD)? What are the molecular drivers of the association between SCZ and lithium treatment response?
Findings We found an inverse association between genetic loading for SCZ risk variants and response to lithium in patients with BPD. Genetic variants in the HLA region on chromosome 6, the antigen presentation pathway and markers of inflammation (TNFα, IL-4, IFNγ) point to molecular underpinnings of lithium treatment response in BPD.
Meaning In patients with BPD, an assessment of a polygenic load for SCZ risk variants may assist in conjunction with clinical data to predict whether they would respond to lithium treatment.
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Posted November 11, 2017.
High genetic loading of schizophrenia predicts poor response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder: A polygenic score and cross-trait genetic analysis
Azmeraw T. Amare, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Liping Hou, Scott R. Clark, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Franziska Degenhardt, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Tatyana Shekhtman, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Bárbara Arias, Jean-Michel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi-Chung y, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Alexandre Dayer, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Étain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark. A Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Sébastien Gard, Julie. S Garnham, Fernando. S Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofmann, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jiménez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Sebastian Kliwicki, Barbara König, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landén, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan. G Leckband, Alfonso Tortorella, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis. M Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novák, Claire O’Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Urban Ösby, Andrea Pfennig, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy. A Rouleau, Janusz. K Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara. W Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Paul. D Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire. M Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Mario Maj, Gustavo Turecki, Eduard Vieta, Julia Volkert, Stephanie. H Witt, Adam Wright, Peter. P Zandi, Philip. B Mitchell, Michael Bauer, Martin Alda, Marcella Rietschel, Francis. J McMahon, Thomas G. Schulze, Bernhard T. Baune
bioRxiv 209270; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/209270
High genetic loading of schizophrenia predicts poor response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder: A polygenic score and cross-trait genetic analysis
Azmeraw T. Amare, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Liping Hou, Scott R. Clark, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Franziska Degenhardt, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Tatyana Shekhtman, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Bárbara Arias, Jean-Michel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi-Chung y, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Alexandre Dayer, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Étain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark. A Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Sébastien Gard, Julie. S Garnham, Fernando. S Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofmann, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jiménez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Sebastian Kliwicki, Barbara König, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landén, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan. G Leckband, Alfonso Tortorella, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis. M Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novák, Claire O’Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Urban Ösby, Andrea Pfennig, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy. A Rouleau, Janusz. K Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara. W Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Paul. D Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire. M Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Mario Maj, Gustavo Turecki, Eduard Vieta, Julia Volkert, Stephanie. H Witt, Adam Wright, Peter. P Zandi, Philip. B Mitchell, Michael Bauer, Martin Alda, Marcella Rietschel, Francis. J McMahon, Thomas G. Schulze, Bernhard T. Baune
bioRxiv 209270; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/209270
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