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Lineage specific histories of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dispersal in Africa and Eurasia

View ORCID ProfileMary B O’Neill, Andrew Kitchen, Alex Zarley, William Aylward, Vegard Eldholm, Caitlin S Pepperell
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/210161
Mary B O’Neill
aLaboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
bDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Andrew Kitchen
cDepartment of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Alex Zarley
dDepartment of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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William Aylward
eDepartment of Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Vegard Eldholm
fInfection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Caitlin S Pepperell
bDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
gDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a globally distributed, obligate pathogen of humans that can be divided into seven clearly defined lineages. How the ancestral clone of M.tb spread and differentiated is important for identifying the ecological drivers of the current pandemic. We reconstructed M.tb migration in Africa and Eurasia, and investigated lineage specific patterns of spread. Applying evolutionary rates inferred with ancient M.tb genome calibration, we link M.tb dispersal to historical phenomena that altered patterns of connectivity throughout Africa and Eurasia: trans-Indian Ocean trade in spices and other goods, the Silk Road and its predecessors, the expansion of the Roman Empire and the European Age of Exploration. We find that Eastern Africa and Southeast Asia have been critical in the dispersal of M.tb. Our results reveal complex relationships between spatial dispersal and expansion of M.tb populations, and delineate the independent evolutionary trajectories of bacterial sub-populations underlying the current pandemic.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 27, 2017.
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Lineage specific histories of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dispersal in Africa and Eurasia
Mary B O’Neill, Andrew Kitchen, Alex Zarley, William Aylward, Vegard Eldholm, Caitlin S Pepperell
bioRxiv 210161; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/210161
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Lineage specific histories of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dispersal in Africa and Eurasia
Mary B O’Neill, Andrew Kitchen, Alex Zarley, William Aylward, Vegard Eldholm, Caitlin S Pepperell
bioRxiv 210161; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/210161

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