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The aphelid-like phagotrophic origins of fungi

View ORCID ProfileGuifré Torruella, View ORCID ProfileXavier Grau-Bové, View ORCID ProfileDavid Moreira, Sergey A. Karpov, View ORCID ProfileJohn A. Burns, View ORCID ProfileArnau Sebé-Pedrós, View ORCID ProfileEckhard Völcker, View ORCID ProfilePurificación López-García
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233882
Guifré Torruella
1Unité d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
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Xavier Grau-Bové
2Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia
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David Moreira
1Unité d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
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Sergey A. Karpov
1Unité d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
3Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences and St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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John A. Burns
4Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
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Arnau Sebé-Pedrós
5Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Eckhard Völcker
6Penard Laboratory, Cape Town 7708, South Africa
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Purificación López-García
1Unité d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
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  • For correspondence: puri.lopez@u-psud.fr guifftc@gmail.com
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Abstract

Aphelids are poorly known phagotrophic parasites of algae whose life cycle and morphology resemble those of the widely diverse parasitic rozellids (Cryptomycota, Rozellomycota). In previous phylogenetic analyses of RNA polymerase and rRNA genes, aphelids and rozellids formed a monophyletic group together with the extremely reduced parasitic Microsporidia, named Opisthosporidia, which was sister to Fungi. However, the statistical support for that group was always moderate. We generated the first transcriptome data for one aphelid species, Paraphelidium tribonemae. In-depth multi-gene phylogenomic analyses using various protein datasets place aphelids as the closest relatives of Fungi to the exclusion of rozellids and Microsporidia. In contrast with the comparatively reduced Rozella allomycis genome, we infer a rich, free-living-like aphelid proteome, including cellulases likely involved in algal cell-wall penetration, enzymes involved in chitin biosynthesis and several metabolic pathways. Our results suggest that Fungi evolved from a complex aphelid-like ancestor that lost phagotrophy and became osmotrophic.

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Posted August 17, 2018.
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The aphelid-like phagotrophic origins of fungi
Guifré Torruella, Xavier Grau-Bové, David Moreira, Sergey A. Karpov, John A. Burns, Arnau Sebé-Pedrós, Eckhard Völcker, Purificación López-García
bioRxiv 233882; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233882
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The aphelid-like phagotrophic origins of fungi
Guifré Torruella, Xavier Grau-Bové, David Moreira, Sergey A. Karpov, John A. Burns, Arnau Sebé-Pedrós, Eckhard Völcker, Purificación López-García
bioRxiv 233882; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233882

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