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Barcoding analysis of HIV drug resistance mutations using Oxford Nanopore MinION (ONT) sequencing

Claudia Gonzalez, Jessica Gondola, Alma Y Ortiz, Juan M Castillo, Juan M Pascale, View ORCID ProfileAlexander A Martinez
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/240077
Claudia Gonzalez
1Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
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Jessica Gondola
1Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
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Alma Y Ortiz
1Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
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Juan M Castillo
1Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
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Juan M Pascale
1Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
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  • For correspondence: almartinez@gorgas.gob.pa jmpascale@gorgas.gob.pa
Alexander A Martinez
1Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
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  • ORCID record for Alexander A Martinez
  • For correspondence: almartinez@gorgas.gob.pa jmpascale@gorgas.gob.pa
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ABSTRACT

Determination of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is becoming an integral baseline HIV evaluation for newly infected subjects, as the level of pre-treatment resistance is increasing worldwide. Until now, the gold standard for monitoring ART mutations is the Sanger sequencing method, however, next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) because high-throughput capability, are gaining attention as a method for detection of HIVDR. In the present work, we evaluated the use of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION as an alternative method for detection of drug resistance mutations in pre-treatment HIV positive subjects.

We evaluate 36 samples taken during November 2016 from treatment naïve subjects with age greater than 18 years old, who went to the lab for their first HIV monitoring. To evaluate the agreement between Sanger and MinION generated sequences, we aligned the sequences (∼1200bp) with muscle v. 3.8.31. Then we counted the differences and calculated the p-distance of the obtained sequences, comparing paired sequences and grouping Sanger and MinION obtained sequences. The percentage of similarity among each sequence was also evaluated.

All samples were submitted to the Standford University HIV drug resistance database (HIVdb version 8.4). Then we compared the resistance predictions obtained from the sequences generated by Sanger and MinION methods.

Results: The median of available pores was 1314 for the first run, 1215 for the second run, and 536 for the third run. After 3 hours with SQK-NSK007 a total of 18803 2D reads were base-called and in 16577 reads (88%) a barcode was detected.

Comparing the nucleotide differences of each sample, we observed that 23 (74%) samples had identical sequence, for the other samples the percentage of identity among each analyzed sequence was greater than 95%. A good positive predictive value (100%) in the estimation of drug resistance mutations in the groups of protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).

We present an approach for the analysis of HIV reads generated with MinION ONT, further studies are guaranteed before the application of this methodology in clinical settings to assess its suitability for HIVDR testing.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 05, 2018.
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Barcoding analysis of HIV drug resistance mutations using Oxford Nanopore MinION (ONT) sequencing
Claudia Gonzalez, Jessica Gondola, Alma Y Ortiz, Juan M Castillo, Juan M Pascale, Alexander A Martinez
bioRxiv 240077; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/240077
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Barcoding analysis of HIV drug resistance mutations using Oxford Nanopore MinION (ONT) sequencing
Claudia Gonzalez, Jessica Gondola, Alma Y Ortiz, Juan M Castillo, Juan M Pascale, Alexander A Martinez
bioRxiv 240077; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/240077

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