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MITOMIX, an Algorithm to Reconstruct Population Admixture Histories Indicates Ancient European Ancestry of Modern Hungarians

Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Török, Endre Neparáczki, István Raskó, István Nagy, Miklós Maróti, Tamás Varga, Péter Bihari, Zsolt Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Tibor Kalmár
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/247395
Zoltán Maróti
1Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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  • For correspondence: sztegdl.pedia@med.u-szeged.hu
Tibor Török
2Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Endre Neparáczki
2Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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István Raskó
3Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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István Nagy
4Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
7SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., Mórahalom, Hungary
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Miklós Maróti
5Department of Algebra and Number Theory, Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Tamás Varga
6Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Péter Bihari
1Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
7SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., Mórahalom, Hungary
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Zsolt Boldogkői
8Department of Medical Biology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
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Dóra Tombácz
8Department of Medical Biology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
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Tibor Kalmár
1Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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  • For correspondence: sztegdl.pedia@med.u-szeged.hu
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Abstract

By making use of the increasing number of available mitogenomes we propose a novel population genetic distance metric, named Shared Haplogroup Distance (SHD). Unlike FST, SHD is a true mathematical distance that complies with all metric axioms, which enables our new algorithm (MITOMIX) to detect population-level admixture based on SHD minimum optimization. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology we analyzed the relation of 62 modern and 25 ancient Eurasian human populations, and compared our results with the most widely used FST calculation. We also sequenced and performed an in-depth analysis of 272 modern Hungarian mtDNA genomes to shed light on the genetic composition of modern Hungarians. MITOMIX analysis showed that in general admixture occurred between neighboring populations, but in some cases it also indicated admixture with migrating populations. SHD and MITOMIX analysis comply with known genetic data and shows that in case of closely related and/or admixing populations, SHD gives more realistic results and provides better resolution than FST. Our results suggest that the majority of modern Hungarian maternal lineages have Late Neolith/Bronze Age European origins (partially shared also with modern Danish, Belgian/Dutch and Basque populations), and a smaller fraction originates from surrounding (Serbian, Croatian, Slovakian, Romanian) populations. However only a minor genetic contribution (<3%) was identified from the IXth Hungarian Conquerors whom are deemed to have brought Hungarians to the Carpathian Basin. Our analysis shows that SHD and MITOMIX can augment previous methods by providing novel insights into past population processes.

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Posted January 12, 2018.
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MITOMIX, an Algorithm to Reconstruct Population Admixture Histories Indicates Ancient European Ancestry of Modern Hungarians
Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Török, Endre Neparáczki, István Raskó, István Nagy, Miklós Maróti, Tamás Varga, Péter Bihari, Zsolt Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Tibor Kalmár
bioRxiv 247395; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/247395
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MITOMIX, an Algorithm to Reconstruct Population Admixture Histories Indicates Ancient European Ancestry of Modern Hungarians
Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Török, Endre Neparáczki, István Raskó, István Nagy, Miklós Maróti, Tamás Varga, Péter Bihari, Zsolt Boldogkői, Dóra Tombácz, Tibor Kalmár
bioRxiv 247395; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/247395

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