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Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and the imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Juan C. Chacon-Duque, View ORCID ProfileKaustubh Adhikari, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Victor Acunñ-Alonzo, Rodrigo Barquera Lozano, Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Paola Everardo Martínez, Hugo Villamil-Ramírez, Tábita Hünemeier, Virginia Ramallo, Caio C. Silva de Cerqueira, Malena Hurtado, Valeria Villegas, Vanessa Granja, Mercedes Villena, René Vásquez, Elena Llop, José R. Sandoval, Alberto A. Salazar-Granara, Maria-Laura Parolin, Karla Sandoval, Rosenda I. Peñaloza-Espinosa, Hector Rangel-Villalobos, Cheryl Winkler, William Klitz, Claudio Bravi, Julio Molina, Daniel Corach, Ramiro Barrantes, Verónica Gomes, Carlos Resende, Leonor Gusmão, Antonio Amorim, Yali Xue, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Pedro Moral, Rolando Gonzalez-José, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Francisco M. Salzano, Maria-Cátira Bortolini, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Giovanni Poletti, Carla Gallo, Gabriel Bedoya, Francisco Rothhammer, David Balding, Garrett Hellenthal, Andres Ruiz-Linares
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/252155
Juan C. Chacon-Duque
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Kaustubh Adhikari
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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  • ORCID record for Kaustubh Adhikari
Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
2Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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Javier Mendoza-Revilla
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
3Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Victor Acunñ-Alonzo
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
4Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Rodrigo Barquera Lozano
4Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico.
5Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez
6Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jorge Gómez-Valdés
7Posgrado en Antropología Física, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Paola Everardo Martínez
8Posgrado en Antropología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
9Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Tábita Hünemeier
10Departamento de Genética e Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Virginia Ramallo
11Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
12Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Caio C. Silva de Cerqueira
12Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Malena Hurtado
3Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Valeria Villegas
3Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Vanessa Granja
3Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Mercedes Villena
13Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), La Paz, Bolivia.
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René Vásquez
14Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), Universidad Autónoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.
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Elena Llop
15Programa de Genetica Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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José R. Sandoval
16Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.
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Alberto A. Salazar-Granara
16Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.
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Maria-Laura Parolin
17Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus), Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
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Karla Sandoval
18National Laboratory of Genomics and Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico.
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Rosenda I. Peñaloza-Espinosa
19Department of Biological Systems, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hector Rangel-Villalobos
20Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Mexico.
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Cheryl Winkler
21National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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William Klitz
22Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Claudio Bravi
23Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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Julio Molina
24Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
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Daniel Corach
25Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas and CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ramiro Barrantes
26Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Verónica Gomes
27Instituto de Patologia e Inmunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.
28Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Carlos Resende
27Instituto de Patologia e Inmunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.
28Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Leonor Gusmão
27Instituto de Patologia e Inmunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.
28Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
29DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Antonio Amorim
27Instituto de Patologia e Inmunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.
28Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
30Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Yali Xue
31The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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Jean-Michel Dugoujon
32Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Pedro Moral
33Departament de Biologia Animal-Antropologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rolando Gonzalez-José
11Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
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Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
12Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Francisco M. Salzano
12Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Maria-Cátira Bortolini
12Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
9Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Giovanni Poletti
3Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Carla Gallo
3Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Gabriel Bedoya
34Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Francisco Rothhammer
15Programa de Genetica Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
35Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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David Balding
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
36Schools of BioSciences and Mathematics & Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Garrett Hellenthal
1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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  • For correspondence: andresruiz@fudan.edu.cn g.hellenthal@ucl.ac.uk
Andres Ruiz-Linares
37Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
38Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France.
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  • For correspondence: andresruiz@fudan.edu.cn g.hellenthal@ucl.ac.uk
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Abstract

Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the admixture of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans1. Using novel haplotype-based methods here we infer the sub-populations involved in admixture for over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of sub-continental ancestry on the physical appearance of these individuals. We find that pre-Columbian Native genetic structure is mirrored in Latin Americans and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that Central Andean ancestry impacts on variation of facial features in Latin Americans, particularly nose morphology, possibly relating to environmental adaptation during the evolution of Native Americans.

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  • ↵† Joint last authors

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Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and the imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance
Juan C. Chacon-Duque, Kaustubh Adhikari, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Victor Acunñ-Alonzo, Rodrigo Barquera Lozano, Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Paola Everardo Martínez, Hugo Villamil-Ramírez, Tábita Hünemeier, Virginia Ramallo, Caio C. Silva de Cerqueira, Malena Hurtado, Valeria Villegas, Vanessa Granja, Mercedes Villena, René Vásquez, Elena Llop, José R. Sandoval, Alberto A. Salazar-Granara, Maria-Laura Parolin, Karla Sandoval, Rosenda I. Peñaloza-Espinosa, Hector Rangel-Villalobos, Cheryl Winkler, William Klitz, Claudio Bravi, Julio Molina, Daniel Corach, Ramiro Barrantes, Verónica Gomes, Carlos Resende, Leonor Gusmão, Antonio Amorim, Yali Xue, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Pedro Moral, Rolando Gonzalez-José, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Francisco M. Salzano, Maria-Cátira Bortolini, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Giovanni Poletti, Carla Gallo, Gabriel Bedoya, Francisco Rothhammer, David Balding, Garrett Hellenthal, Andres Ruiz-Linares
bioRxiv 252155; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/252155
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Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and the imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance
Juan C. Chacon-Duque, Kaustubh Adhikari, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Victor Acunñ-Alonzo, Rodrigo Barquera Lozano, Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Paola Everardo Martínez, Hugo Villamil-Ramírez, Tábita Hünemeier, Virginia Ramallo, Caio C. Silva de Cerqueira, Malena Hurtado, Valeria Villegas, Vanessa Granja, Mercedes Villena, René Vásquez, Elena Llop, José R. Sandoval, Alberto A. Salazar-Granara, Maria-Laura Parolin, Karla Sandoval, Rosenda I. Peñaloza-Espinosa, Hector Rangel-Villalobos, Cheryl Winkler, William Klitz, Claudio Bravi, Julio Molina, Daniel Corach, Ramiro Barrantes, Verónica Gomes, Carlos Resende, Leonor Gusmão, Antonio Amorim, Yali Xue, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Pedro Moral, Rolando Gonzalez-José, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Francisco M. Salzano, Maria-Cátira Bortolini, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Giovanni Poletti, Carla Gallo, Gabriel Bedoya, Francisco Rothhammer, David Balding, Garrett Hellenthal, Andres Ruiz-Linares
bioRxiv 252155; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/252155

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