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Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders

Raymond K. Walters, View ORCID ProfileMark J. Adams, View ORCID ProfileAmy E. Adkins, View ORCID ProfileFazil Aliev, View ORCID ProfileSilviu-Alin Bacanu, View ORCID ProfileAnthony Batzler, View ORCID ProfileSarah Bertelsen, View ORCID ProfileJoanna Biernacka, View ORCID ProfileTim B. Bigdeli, View ORCID ProfileLi-Shiun Chen, View ORCID ProfileToni-Kim Clarke, Yi-Ling Chou, View ORCID ProfileFranziska Degenhardt, View ORCID ProfileAnna R. Docherty, Pierre Fontanillas, Jerome Foo, View ORCID ProfileLouis Fox, View ORCID ProfileJosef Frank, View ORCID ProfileIna Giegling, Scott Gordon, View ORCID ProfileLaura M. Hack, View ORCID ProfileAnnette M. Hartmann, View ORCID ProfileSarah M. Hartz, View ORCID ProfileStefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, View ORCID ProfileStefan Herms, View ORCID ProfileColin Hodgkinson, View ORCID ProfilePer Hoffmann, View ORCID ProfileJouke-Jan Hottenga, View ORCID ProfileMartin A. Kennedy, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, View ORCID ProfileBettina Konte, View ORCID ProfileJari Lahti, View ORCID ProfileMarius Lahti-Pulkkinen, View ORCID ProfileLannie Ligthart, View ORCID ProfileAnu-Maria Loukola, View ORCID ProfileBrion S. Maher, View ORCID ProfileHamdi Mbarek, View ORCID ProfileAndrew M. McIntosh, View ORCID ProfileMatthew B. McQueen, View ORCID ProfileYuri Milaneschi, View ORCID ProfileTeemu Palviainen, View ORCID ProfileJohn F. Pearson, View ORCID ProfileRoseann E. Peterson, View ORCID ProfileRenato Polimanti, View ORCID ProfileSamuli Ripatti, View ORCID ProfileEuijung Ryu, View ORCID ProfileNancy L. Saccone, View ORCID ProfileJessica E. Salvatore, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Melanie Schwandt, View ORCID ProfileRichard Sherva, View ORCID ProfileFabian Streit, View ORCID ProfileJana Strohmaier, View ORCID ProfileNathaniel Thomas, View ORCID ProfileJen-Chyong Wang, View ORCID ProfileBradley T. Webb, View ORCID ProfileRobbee Wedow, View ORCID ProfileLeah Wetherill, View ORCID ProfileAmanda G. Wills, 23andMe Research Team, View ORCID ProfileJason D. Boardman, Danfeng Chen, View ORCID ProfileDoo-Sup Choi, View ORCID ProfileWilliam E. Copeland, View ORCID ProfileRobert C. Culverhouse, Norbert Dahmen, View ORCID ProfileLouisa Degenhardt, View ORCID ProfileBenjamin W. Domingue, Sarah L. Elson, View ORCID ProfileMark Frye, Wolfgang Gäbel, View ORCID ProfileMarcus Ising, Emma C. Johnson, Margaret Keyes, View ORCID ProfileFalk Kiefer, View ORCID ProfileJohn Kramer, View ORCID ProfileSamuel Kuperman, View ORCID ProfileSusanne Lucae, View ORCID ProfileMichael T. Lynskey, View ORCID ProfileWolfgang Maier, View ORCID ProfileKarl Mann, Satu Männistö, View ORCID ProfileJeanette Nance McClintick, View ORCID ProfileJacquelyn L. Meyers, View ORCID ProfileBertram Müller-Myhsok, View ORCID ProfileJohn I. Nurnberger, View ORCID ProfileAarno Palotie, Ulrich Preuss, View ORCID ProfileKatri Räikkönen, View ORCID ProfileMaureen D. Reynolds, View ORCID ProfileMonika Ridinger, View ORCID ProfileNorbert Scherbaum, Marc Shuckit, View ORCID ProfileMichael Soyka, View ORCID ProfileJens Treutlein, View ORCID ProfileStephanie Witt, View ORCID ProfileNorbert Wodarz, View ORCID ProfilePeter Zill, View ORCID ProfileDaniel E. Adkins, View ORCID ProfileJoseph M. Boden, View ORCID ProfileDorret Boomsma, View ORCID ProfileLaura J Bierut, View ORCID ProfileSandra A. Brown, View ORCID ProfileKathleen K. Bucholz, View ORCID ProfileSven Cichon, View ORCID ProfileE. Jane Costello, Harriet de Wit, Nancy Diazgranados, View ORCID ProfileDanielle M. Dick, View ORCID ProfileJohan G. Eriksson, View ORCID ProfileLindsay A. Farrer, View ORCID ProfileTatiana M. Foroud, View ORCID ProfileNathan A. Gillespie, View ORCID ProfileAlison A. Goate, View ORCID ProfileDavid Goldman, View ORCID ProfileRichard A. Grucza, View ORCID ProfileDana B. Hancock, View ORCID ProfileKathleen Mullan Harris, View ORCID ProfileAndrew C. Heath, View ORCID ProfileVictor Hesselbrock, View ORCID ProfileJohn K. Hewitt, View ORCID ProfileChristian Hopfer, View ORCID ProfileJohn Horwood, William Iacono, View ORCID ProfileEric O. Johnson, View ORCID ProfileJaakko A. Kaprio, View ORCID ProfileVictor Karpyak, View ORCID ProfileKenneth S. Kendler, View ORCID ProfileHenry R. Kranzler, View ORCID ProfileKenneth Krauter, View ORCID ProfilePaul Lichtenstein, View ORCID ProfilePenelope A. Lind, Matt McGue, View ORCID ProfileJames MacKillop, View ORCID ProfilePamela A.F. Madden, View ORCID ProfileHermine Maes, View ORCID ProfilePatrik Magnusson, View ORCID ProfileNicholas G. Martin, View ORCID ProfileSarah E. Medland, View ORCID ProfileGrant W. Montgomery, View ORCID ProfileElliot C. Nelson, View ORCID ProfileMarkus Nöthen, View ORCID ProfileAbraham A. Palmer, View ORCID ProfileNancy L. Pedersen, View ORCID ProfileBrenda W.J.H. Penninx, View ORCID ProfileBernice Porjesz, View ORCID ProfileJohn P. Rice, View ORCID ProfileMarcella Rietschel, View ORCID ProfileBrien P. Riley, Richard Rose, View ORCID ProfileDan Rujescu, Pei-Hong Shen, Judy Silberg, View ORCID ProfileMichael C. Stallings, View ORCID ProfileRalph E. Tarter, View ORCID ProfileMichael M. Vanyukov, Scott Vrieze, View ORCID ProfileTamara L. Wall, View ORCID ProfileJohn B. Whitfield, View ORCID ProfileHongyu Zhao, View ORCID ProfileBenjamin M. Neale, View ORCID ProfileJoel Gelernter, View ORCID ProfileHoward J. Edenberg, View ORCID ProfileArpana Agrawal
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/257311
Raymond K. Walters
1Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Mark J. Adams
2University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry
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  • ORCID record for Mark J. Adams
Amy E. Adkins
3Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Fazil Aliev
4Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology
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  • ORCID record for Fazil Aliev
Silviu-Alin Bacanu
5Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Anthony Batzler
6Mayo Clinic, Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program
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Sarah Bertelsen
5Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
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  • ORCID record for Sarah Bertelsen
Joanna Biernacka
4Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology
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Tim B. Bigdeli
6Mayo Clinic, Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program
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Li-Shiun Chen
10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Toni-Kim Clarke
2University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry
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Yi-Ling Chou
10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Franziska Degenhardt
11Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn
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  • ORCID record for Franziska Degenhardt
Anna R. Docherty
12University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry
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Pierre Fontanillas
1323andMe, Inc.
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Jerome Foo
14Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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Louis Fox
10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Josef Frank
14Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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Ina Giegling
15Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
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Scott Gordon
16QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
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Laura M. Hack
17Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
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Annette M. Hartmann
15Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
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Sarah M. Hartz
10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
11Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn
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Stefan Herms
11Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn
18Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel
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Colin Hodgkinson
19NIH/NIAAA, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH, USA
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Per Hoffmann
11Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn
18Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel
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Jouke-Jan Hottenga
20Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Martin A. Kennedy
21University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen
22Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Bettina Konte
15Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
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Jari Lahti
23Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
24Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
24Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lannie Ligthart
20Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Anu-Maria Loukola
22Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Brion S. Maher
25Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Hamdi Mbarek
20Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Andrew M. McIntosh
26University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology
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Matthew B. McQueen
27Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder
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Yuri Milaneschi
28Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Teemu Palviainen
22Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
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John F. Pearson
29Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Roseann E. Peterson
30Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry
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Renato Polimanti
31Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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Samuli Ripatti
22Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Euijung Ryu
32Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research
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Nancy L. Saccone
33Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics
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Jessica E. Salvatore
4Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology
30Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry
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Sandra Sanchez-Roige
34University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
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Melanie Schwandt
35NIH/NIAAA, Office of the Clinical Director
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Richard Sherva
36Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine
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Fabian Streit
14Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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Jana Strohmaier
14Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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Nathaniel Thomas
3Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Jen-Chyong Wang
7Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience
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Bradley T. Webb
5Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Robbee Wedow
37Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado
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Leah Wetherill
38Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
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Amanda G. Wills
39University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology
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1323andMe, Inc.
Jason D. Boardman
37Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado
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Danfeng Chen
40Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Doo-Sup Choi
41Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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William E. Copeland
42Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
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Robert C. Culverhouse
43Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Biostatistics
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Norbert Dahmen
44Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz
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Louisa Degenhardt
45National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales
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Benjamin W. Domingue
46Stanford University Graduate School of Education
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Sarah L. Elson
1323andMe, Inc.
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Mark Frye
47Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
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Wolfgang Gäbel
48Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf
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Marcus Ising
49Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry
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Emma C. Johnson
10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Margaret Keyes
50University of Minnesota, Department of Psycholog
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Falk Kiefer
51Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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John Kramer
52University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Samuel Kuperman
52University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Susanne Lucae
49Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry
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Michael T. Lynskey
53Addictions Dept, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London
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Wolfgang Maier
54Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn
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Karl Mann
51Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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Satu Männistö
55Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
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Jeanette Nance McClintick
56Indiana University School of Medicine, Biochemistry/Molecular Biology
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Jacquelyn L. Meyers
57Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
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  • ORCID record for Jacquelyn L. Meyers
Bertram Müller-Myhsok
58Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry
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  • ORCID record for Bertram Müller-Myhsok
John I. Nurnberger
38Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
59Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine
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  • ORCID record for John I. Nurnberger
Aarno Palotie
1Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
22Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
60Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Ulrich Preuss
15Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
61Vitos Hospital Herborn, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Herborn
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Katri Räikkönen
24Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Maureen D. Reynolds
62University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy
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Monika Ridinger
63Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau
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Norbert Scherbaum
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7Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience
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77University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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79University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine
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21University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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78University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics
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79University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine
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21University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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50University of Minnesota, Department of Psycholog
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80RTI International, Fellows Program
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Jaakko A. Kaprio
22Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
81Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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47Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
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Kenneth S. Kendler
5Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Henry R. Kranzler
82University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC
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83University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
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84Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
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50University of Minnesota, Department of Psycholog
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85Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research
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87The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland
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10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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15Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
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62University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy
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62University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy
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50University of Minnesota, Department of Psycholog
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34University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
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16QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
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91Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University
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Benjamin M. Neale
1Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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92Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System
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  • For correspondence: arpana@wustl.edu
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38Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
56Indiana University School of Medicine, Biochemistry/Molecular Biology
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10Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Abstract

Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci associated with AD and characterize the relationship between AD and other psychiatric and behavioral outcomes, we carried out the largest GWAS to date of DSM - IV diagnosed AD. Genome - wide data on 14,904 individuals with AD and 37,944 controls from 28 case / control and family - based studies were meta - analyzed, stratified by genetic ancestry (European, N = 46,568; African; N = 6,280). Independent, genome - wide significant effects of different ADH1B variants were identified in European (rs1229984; p = 9.8E - 13) and African ancestries (rs2066702; p = 2.2E - 9). Significant genetic correlations were observed with schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, and use of cigarettes and cannabis. There was only modest genetic correlation with alcohol consumption and inconsistent associations with problem drinking. The genetic underpinnings of AD only partially overlap with those for alcohol consumption, underscoring the genetic distinction between pathological and non - pathological drinking behaviors.

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Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders
Raymond K. Walters, Mark J. Adams, Amy E. Adkins, Fazil Aliev, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Anthony Batzler, Sarah Bertelsen, Joanna Biernacka, Tim B. Bigdeli, Li-Shiun Chen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Yi-Ling Chou, Franziska Degenhardt, Anna R. Docherty, Pierre Fontanillas, Jerome Foo, Louis Fox, Josef Frank, Ina Giegling, Scott Gordon, Laura M. Hack, Annette M. Hartmann, Sarah M. Hartz, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefan Herms, Colin Hodgkinson, Per Hoffmann, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Martin A. Kennedy, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, Bettina Konte, Jari Lahti, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Lannie Ligthart, Anu-Maria Loukola, Brion S. Maher, Hamdi Mbarek, Andrew M. McIntosh, Matthew B. McQueen, Yuri Milaneschi, Teemu Palviainen, John F. Pearson, Roseann E. Peterson, Renato Polimanti, Samuli Ripatti, Euijung Ryu, Nancy L. Saccone, Jessica E. Salvatore, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Melanie Schwandt, Richard Sherva, Fabian Streit, Jana Strohmaier, Nathaniel Thomas, Jen-Chyong Wang, Bradley T. Webb, Robbee Wedow, Leah Wetherill, Amanda G. Wills, 23andMe Research Team, Jason D. Boardman, Danfeng Chen, Doo-Sup Choi, William E. Copeland, Robert C. Culverhouse, Norbert Dahmen, Louisa Degenhardt, Benjamin W. Domingue, Sarah L. Elson, Mark Frye, Wolfgang Gäbel, Marcus Ising, Emma C. Johnson, Margaret Keyes, Falk Kiefer, John Kramer, Samuel Kuperman, Susanne Lucae, Michael T. Lynskey, Wolfgang Maier, Karl Mann, Satu Männistö, Jeanette Nance McClintick, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, John I. Nurnberger, Aarno Palotie, Ulrich Preuss, Katri Räikkönen, Maureen D. Reynolds, Monika Ridinger, Norbert Scherbaum, Marc Shuckit, Michael Soyka, Jens Treutlein, Stephanie Witt, Norbert Wodarz, Peter Zill, Daniel E. Adkins, Joseph M. Boden, Dorret Boomsma, Laura J Bierut, Sandra A. Brown, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Sven Cichon, E. Jane Costello, Harriet de Wit, Nancy Diazgranados, Danielle M. Dick, Johan G. Eriksson, Lindsay A. Farrer, Tatiana M. Foroud, Nathan A. Gillespie, Alison A. Goate, David Goldman, Richard A. Grucza, Dana B. Hancock, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Andrew C. Heath, Victor Hesselbrock, John K. Hewitt, Christian Hopfer, John Horwood, William Iacono, Eric O. Johnson, Jaakko A. Kaprio, Victor Karpyak, Kenneth S. Kendler, Henry R. Kranzler, Kenneth Krauter, Paul Lichtenstein, Penelope A. Lind, Matt McGue, James MacKillop, Pamela A.F. Madden, Hermine Maes, Patrik Magnusson, Nicholas G. Martin, Sarah E. Medland, Grant W. Montgomery, Elliot C. Nelson, Markus Nöthen, Abraham A. Palmer, Nancy L. Pedersen, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Bernice Porjesz, John P. Rice, Marcella Rietschel, Brien P. Riley, Richard Rose, Dan Rujescu, Pei-Hong Shen, Judy Silberg, Michael C. Stallings, Ralph E. Tarter, Michael M. Vanyukov, Scott Vrieze, Tamara L. Wall, John B. Whitfield, Hongyu Zhao, Benjamin M. Neale, Joel Gelernter, Howard J. Edenberg, Arpana Agrawal
bioRxiv 257311; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/257311
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Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders
Raymond K. Walters, Mark J. Adams, Amy E. Adkins, Fazil Aliev, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Anthony Batzler, Sarah Bertelsen, Joanna Biernacka, Tim B. Bigdeli, Li-Shiun Chen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Yi-Ling Chou, Franziska Degenhardt, Anna R. Docherty, Pierre Fontanillas, Jerome Foo, Louis Fox, Josef Frank, Ina Giegling, Scott Gordon, Laura M. Hack, Annette M. Hartmann, Sarah M. Hartz, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefan Herms, Colin Hodgkinson, Per Hoffmann, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Martin A. Kennedy, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, Bettina Konte, Jari Lahti, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Lannie Ligthart, Anu-Maria Loukola, Brion S. Maher, Hamdi Mbarek, Andrew M. McIntosh, Matthew B. McQueen, Yuri Milaneschi, Teemu Palviainen, John F. Pearson, Roseann E. Peterson, Renato Polimanti, Samuli Ripatti, Euijung Ryu, Nancy L. Saccone, Jessica E. Salvatore, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Melanie Schwandt, Richard Sherva, Fabian Streit, Jana Strohmaier, Nathaniel Thomas, Jen-Chyong Wang, Bradley T. Webb, Robbee Wedow, Leah Wetherill, Amanda G. Wills, 23andMe Research Team, Jason D. Boardman, Danfeng Chen, Doo-Sup Choi, William E. Copeland, Robert C. Culverhouse, Norbert Dahmen, Louisa Degenhardt, Benjamin W. Domingue, Sarah L. Elson, Mark Frye, Wolfgang Gäbel, Marcus Ising, Emma C. Johnson, Margaret Keyes, Falk Kiefer, John Kramer, Samuel Kuperman, Susanne Lucae, Michael T. Lynskey, Wolfgang Maier, Karl Mann, Satu Männistö, Jeanette Nance McClintick, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, John I. Nurnberger, Aarno Palotie, Ulrich Preuss, Katri Räikkönen, Maureen D. Reynolds, Monika Ridinger, Norbert Scherbaum, Marc Shuckit, Michael Soyka, Jens Treutlein, Stephanie Witt, Norbert Wodarz, Peter Zill, Daniel E. Adkins, Joseph M. Boden, Dorret Boomsma, Laura J Bierut, Sandra A. Brown, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Sven Cichon, E. Jane Costello, Harriet de Wit, Nancy Diazgranados, Danielle M. Dick, Johan G. Eriksson, Lindsay A. Farrer, Tatiana M. Foroud, Nathan A. Gillespie, Alison A. Goate, David Goldman, Richard A. Grucza, Dana B. Hancock, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Andrew C. Heath, Victor Hesselbrock, John K. Hewitt, Christian Hopfer, John Horwood, William Iacono, Eric O. Johnson, Jaakko A. Kaprio, Victor Karpyak, Kenneth S. Kendler, Henry R. Kranzler, Kenneth Krauter, Paul Lichtenstein, Penelope A. Lind, Matt McGue, James MacKillop, Pamela A.F. Madden, Hermine Maes, Patrik Magnusson, Nicholas G. Martin, Sarah E. Medland, Grant W. Montgomery, Elliot C. Nelson, Markus Nöthen, Abraham A. Palmer, Nancy L. Pedersen, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Bernice Porjesz, John P. Rice, Marcella Rietschel, Brien P. Riley, Richard Rose, Dan Rujescu, Pei-Hong Shen, Judy Silberg, Michael C. Stallings, Ralph E. Tarter, Michael M. Vanyukov, Scott Vrieze, Tamara L. Wall, John B. Whitfield, Hongyu Zhao, Benjamin M. Neale, Joel Gelernter, Howard J. Edenberg, Arpana Agrawal
bioRxiv 257311; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/257311

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