New Results
Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences1
Richard Karlsson Linnér, Pietro Biroli, Edward Kong, S Fleur W Meddens, Robbee Wedow, Mark Alan Fontana, Maël Lebreton, Abdel Abdellaoui, Anke R Hammerschlag, Michel G Nivard, Aysu Okbay, Cornelius A Rietveld, Pascal N Timshel, Stephen P Tino, Maciej Trzaskowski, Ronald de Vlaming, Christian L Zünd, Yanchun Bao, Laura Buzdugan, Ann H Caplin, Chia-Yen Chen, Peter Eibich, Pierre Fontanillas, Juan R Gonzalez, Peter K Joshi, Ville Karhunen, Aaron Kleinman, Remy Z Levin, Christina M Lill, Gerardus A Meddens, Gerard Muntané, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Frank J van Rooij, Erdogan Taskesen, Yang Wu, Futao Zhang, 23andMe Research Team, eQTLgen Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Social Science Genetic Association Consortium,, Adam Auton, Jason D Boardman, David W Clark, Andrew Conlin, Conor C Dolan, Urs Fischbacher, Patrick JF Groenen, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Gregor Hasler, Albert Hofman, Mohammad A Ikram, Sonia Jain, View ORCID ProfileRobert Karlsson, Ronald C Kessler, Maarten Kooyman, James MacKillop, Minna Männikkö, Carlos Morcillo-Suarez, Matthew B McQueen, Klaus M Schmidt, Melissa C Smart, Matthias Sutter, A Roy Thurik, Andre G Uitterlinden, Jon White, Harriet de Wit, Jian Yang, Lars Bertram, Dorret Boomsma, Tõnu Esko, Ernst Fehr, David A Hinds, Magnus Johannesson, Meena Kumari, David Laibson, Patrik KE Magnusson, Michelle N Meyer, Arcadi Navarro, Abraham A Palmer, Tune H Pers, Danielle Posthuma, Daniel Schunk, Murray B Stein, Rauli Svento, Henning Tiemeier, Paul RHJ Timmers, Patrick Turley, Robert J Ursano, Gert G Wagner, James F Wilson, Jacob Gratten, James J Lee, David Cesarini, Daniel J Benjamin, View ORCID ProfilePhilipp D Koellinger, Jonathan P Beauchamp
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/261081
Richard Karlsson Linnér
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsErasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSchool of Business and Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Pietro Biroli
Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Schönberggasse 1, Zurich, 8001, Switzerland
Edward Kong
Economics, Harvard University, 1805 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
S Fleur W Meddens
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsErasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSchool of Business and Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Robbee Wedow
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USAInstitute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1440 15th Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 327, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Mark Alan Fontana
Center for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USACenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
Maël Lebreton
Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, Amsterdam, 1018 WB, The NetherlandsAmsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, Netherlands
Abdel Abdellaoui
Biological psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 1, Amsterdam, 1087 BT, The Netherlands
Anke R Hammerschlag
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Michel G Nivard
Biological psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 1, Amsterdam, 1087 BT, The Netherlands
Aysu Okbay
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsSchool of Business and Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Cornelius A Rietveld
Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The NetherlandsErasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
Pascal N Timshel
Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, DenmarkDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
Stephen P Tino
Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 150 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G7, Canada
Maciej Trzaskowski
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
Ronald de Vlaming
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsErasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSchool of Business and Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Christian L Zünd
Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Schönberggasse 1, Zurich, 8001, Switzerland
Yanchun Bao
Institute for Social & Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
Laura Buzdugan
Seminar for Statistics, Department of Mathematics, ETH Zurich, Raemistrasse 101, Zurich, 8092, SwitzerlandDepartment of Economics, University of Zurich, Bluemlisalpstrasse 10, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
Ann H Caplin
Stuyvesant High School, New York, NY 10282, USA
Chia-Yen Chen
Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USAAnalytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Richard B. Simches Research building, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN-6818, Boston, MA 02114, USAStanley Center for Psychiatric Genomics, The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
Peter Eibich
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UKSocio-Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, Berlin, 10117, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, Rostock, 18057, Germany
Pierre Fontanillas
Research, 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Ave, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Juan R Gonzalez
Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, 8003, SpainUniversitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 8003, SpainCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 280229, Spain
Peter K Joshi
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Ville Karhunen
Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
Aaron Kleinman
Research, 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Ave, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Remy Z Levin
Department of Economics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Christina M Lill
Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1, Lübeck, 23562, GermanyInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
Gerardus A Meddens
Team Loyalty BV, Debbemeerstraat 25, Hoofddorp, 2131 HE, The Netherlands
Gerard Muntané
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 8003, Spain
Sandra Sanchez-Roige
Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Frank J van Rooij
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
Erdogan Taskesen
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Yang Wu
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
Futao Zhang
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
Adam Auton
Research, 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Ave, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Jason D Boardman
Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 327, Boulder, CO 80309, USAInstitute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1440 15th Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
David W Clark
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Andrew Conlin
Department of Economics and Finance, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
Conor C Dolan
Biological psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 1, Amsterdam, 1087 BT, The Netherlands
Urs Fischbacher
Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Universitätssstraße 10, Konstanz, 78457, GermanyThurgau Institute of Economics, Hauptstrasse 90, Kreuzlingen, 8280, Switzerland
Patrick JF Groenen
Department of Econometrics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsErasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 201 Hamilton Hall CB #3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USACarolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin St., Suite 2190, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
Gregor Hasler
Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland
Albert Hofman
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Mohammad A Ikram
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
Sonia Jain
Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Robert Karlsson
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12a, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
Ronald C Kessler
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
Maarten Kooyman
SURFsara, Science Park 140, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands
James MacKillop
Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 3R2, CanadaHomewood Research Institute, 150 Delhi Street, Riverslea Building, Guelph, Ontario, N1E 6K9, Canada
Minna Männikkö
Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
Carlos Morcillo-Suarez
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 8003, Spain
Matthew B McQueen
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Klaus M Schmidt
Department of Economics, University of Munich, Ludwigstrasse 28, Munich, 80539, Germany
Melissa C Smart
Institute for Social & Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
Matthias Sutter
Department of Economics, University of Cologne, Albert-Magnus-Platz, Cologne, 50923, GermanyExperimental Economics Group, Max Planck Institute for Research into Collective Goods, Schumacher Strasse 10, Bonn, D-51113, Germany
A Roy Thurik
Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The NetherlandsErasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsMontpellier Business School, Montpellier, 34080, France
Andre G Uitterlinden
Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
Jon White
UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
Harriet de Wit
Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 3077, Rm L485, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Jian Yang
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, AustraliaQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
Lars Bertram
Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1, Lübeck, 23562, GermanyInstitute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1, Lübeck, 23562, GermanySchool of Public Health, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
Dorret Boomsma
Biological psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 1, Amsterdam, 1087 BT, The Netherlands
Tõnu Esko
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
Ernst Fehr
Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Bluemlisalpstrasse 10, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
David A Hinds
Research, 23andMe, Inc., 899 W Evelyn Ave, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
Magnus Johannesson
Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, Stockholm, 113 83, Sweden
Meena Kumari
Institute for Social & Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
David Laibson
Economics, Harvard University, 1805 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Patrik KE Magnusson
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12a, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
Michelle N Meyer
Center for Translational Bioethics and Health Care Policy, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
Arcadi Navarro
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 8003, SpainInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Parc de Recerca Bomèdica. Carrer Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 8003, Spain
Abraham A Palmer
Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Tune H Pers
Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, DenmarkDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
Danielle Posthuma
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
Daniel Schunk
Department of Economics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Jakob-Welder-Weg 4, Mainz, 55128, Germany
Murray B Stein
Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USAFamily Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Rauli Svento
Department of Economics and Finance, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
Henning Tiemeier
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
Paul RHJ Timmers
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
Patrick Turley
Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Richard B. Simches Research building, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN-6818, Boston, MA 02114, USAStanley Center for Psychiatric Genomics, The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USABehavioral and Health Genomics Center, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
Robert J Ursano
Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University Health Science, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
Gert G Wagner
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195, GermanySocio-Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, Berlin, 10117, Germany
James F Wilson
Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, ScotlandMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
Jacob Gratten
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
James J Lee
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
David Cesarini
Department of Economics, New York University, 19 W 4th St, 6 FL, NY 10012, USA
Daniel J Benjamin
Center for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USABehavioral and Health Genomics Center, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USANational Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Philipp D Koellinger
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsSchool of Business and Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The NetherlandsGerman Institute for Economic Research, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, Berlin, 10117, Germany
Jonathan P Beauchamp
Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 150 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G7, Canada
Abstract
Humans vary substantially in their willingness to take risks. In a combined sample of over one million individuals, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of general risk tolerance, adventurousness, and risky behaviors in the driving, drinking, smoking, and sexual domains. We identified 611 approximately independent genetic loci associated with at least one of our phenotypes, including 124 with general risk tolerance. We report evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across general risk tolerance and risky behaviors: 72 of the 124 general risk tolerance loci contain a lead SNP for at least one of our other GWAS, and general risk tolerance is moderately to strongly genetically correlated (
to 0.50) with a range of risky behaviors. Bioinformatics analyses imply that genes near general-risk-tolerance-associated SNPs are highly expressed in brain tissues and point to a role for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. We find no evidence of enrichment for genes previously hypothesized to relate to risk tolerance.
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Posted January 08, 2019.
Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences1
Richard Karlsson Linnér, Pietro Biroli, Edward Kong, S Fleur W Meddens, Robbee Wedow, Mark Alan Fontana, Maël Lebreton, Abdel Abdellaoui, Anke R Hammerschlag, Michel G Nivard, Aysu Okbay, Cornelius A Rietveld, Pascal N Timshel, Stephen P Tino, Maciej Trzaskowski, Ronald de Vlaming, Christian L Zünd, Yanchun Bao, Laura Buzdugan, Ann H Caplin, Chia-Yen Chen, Peter Eibich, Pierre Fontanillas, Juan R Gonzalez, Peter K Joshi, Ville Karhunen, Aaron Kleinman, Remy Z Levin, Christina M Lill, Gerardus A Meddens, Gerard Muntané, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Frank J van Rooij, Erdogan Taskesen, Yang Wu, Futao Zhang, 23andMe Research Team, eQTLgen Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Social Science Genetic Association Consortium,, Adam Auton, Jason D Boardman, David W Clark, Andrew Conlin, Conor C Dolan, Urs Fischbacher, Patrick JF Groenen, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Gregor Hasler, Albert Hofman, Mohammad A Ikram, Sonia Jain, Robert Karlsson, Ronald C Kessler, Maarten Kooyman, James MacKillop, Minna Männikkö, Carlos Morcillo-Suarez, Matthew B McQueen, Klaus M Schmidt, Melissa C Smart, Matthias Sutter, A Roy Thurik, Andre G Uitterlinden, Jon White, Harriet de Wit, Jian Yang, Lars Bertram, Dorret Boomsma, Tõnu Esko, Ernst Fehr, David A Hinds, Magnus Johannesson, Meena Kumari, David Laibson, Patrik KE Magnusson, Michelle N Meyer, Arcadi Navarro, Abraham A Palmer, Tune H Pers, Danielle Posthuma, Daniel Schunk, Murray B Stein, Rauli Svento, Henning Tiemeier, Paul RHJ Timmers, Patrick Turley, Robert J Ursano, Gert G Wagner, James F Wilson, Jacob Gratten, James J Lee, David Cesarini, Daniel J Benjamin, Philipp D Koellinger, Jonathan P Beauchamp
bioRxiv 261081; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/261081
Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences1
Richard Karlsson Linnér, Pietro Biroli, Edward Kong, S Fleur W Meddens, Robbee Wedow, Mark Alan Fontana, Maël Lebreton, Abdel Abdellaoui, Anke R Hammerschlag, Michel G Nivard, Aysu Okbay, Cornelius A Rietveld, Pascal N Timshel, Stephen P Tino, Maciej Trzaskowski, Ronald de Vlaming, Christian L Zünd, Yanchun Bao, Laura Buzdugan, Ann H Caplin, Chia-Yen Chen, Peter Eibich, Pierre Fontanillas, Juan R Gonzalez, Peter K Joshi, Ville Karhunen, Aaron Kleinman, Remy Z Levin, Christina M Lill, Gerardus A Meddens, Gerard Muntané, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Frank J van Rooij, Erdogan Taskesen, Yang Wu, Futao Zhang, 23andMe Research Team, eQTLgen Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Social Science Genetic Association Consortium,, Adam Auton, Jason D Boardman, David W Clark, Andrew Conlin, Conor C Dolan, Urs Fischbacher, Patrick JF Groenen, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Gregor Hasler, Albert Hofman, Mohammad A Ikram, Sonia Jain, Robert Karlsson, Ronald C Kessler, Maarten Kooyman, James MacKillop, Minna Männikkö, Carlos Morcillo-Suarez, Matthew B McQueen, Klaus M Schmidt, Melissa C Smart, Matthias Sutter, A Roy Thurik, Andre G Uitterlinden, Jon White, Harriet de Wit, Jian Yang, Lars Bertram, Dorret Boomsma, Tõnu Esko, Ernst Fehr, David A Hinds, Magnus Johannesson, Meena Kumari, David Laibson, Patrik KE Magnusson, Michelle N Meyer, Arcadi Navarro, Abraham A Palmer, Tune H Pers, Danielle Posthuma, Daniel Schunk, Murray B Stein, Rauli Svento, Henning Tiemeier, Paul RHJ Timmers, Patrick Turley, Robert J Ursano, Gert G Wagner, James F Wilson, Jacob Gratten, James J Lee, David Cesarini, Daniel J Benjamin, Philipp D Koellinger, Jonathan P Beauchamp
bioRxiv 261081; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/261081
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