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Why Should Mitochondria Define Species?

Mark Y. Stoeckle, David S. Thaler
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/276717
Mark Y. Stoeckle
1Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller University 1230 York AVE New York, NY 10065 USA email phone: 212 327-7917 fax 212 327-7519
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  • For correspondence: mark.stoeckle@rockefeller.edu
David S. Thaler
2Biozentrum, University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 50/70 CH - 4056 Basel Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: david.thaler@unibas.ch davidsthaler@gmail.com
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Abstract

More than a decade of DNA barcoding encompassing about five million specimens covering 100,000 animal species supports the generalization that mitochondrial DNA clusters largely overlap with species as defined by domain experts. Most barcode clustering reflects synonymous substitutions. What evolutionary mechanisms account for synonymous clusters being largely coincident with species? The answer depends on whether variants are phenotypically neutral. To the degree that variants are selectable, purifying selection limits variation within species and neighboring species have distinct adaptive peaks. Phenotypically neutral variants are only subject to demographic processes—drift, lineage sorting, genetic hitchhiking, and bottlenecks. The evolution of modern humans has been studied from several disciplines with detail unique among animal species. Mitochondrial barcodes provide a commensurable way to compare modern humans to other animal species. Barcode variation in the modern human population is quantitatively similar to that within other animal species. Several convergent lines of evidence show that mitochondrial diversity in modern humans follows from sequence uniformity followed by the accumulation of largely neutral diversity during a population expansion that began approximately 100,000 years ago. A straightforward hypothesis is that the extant populations of almost all animal species have arrived at a similar result consequent to a similar process of expansion from mitochondrial uniformity within the last one to several hundred thousand years.

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Posted March 07, 2018.
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Why Should Mitochondria Define Species?
Mark Y. Stoeckle, David S. Thaler
bioRxiv 276717; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/276717
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Why Should Mitochondria Define Species?
Mark Y. Stoeckle, David S. Thaler
bioRxiv 276717; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/276717

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