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Selection signatures underlying dramatic male inflorescence transformation during modern hybrid maize breeding

View ORCID ProfileJoseph L. Gage, Michael R. White, Jode W. Edwards, Shawn Kaeppler, View ORCID ProfileNatalia de Leon
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/284109
Joseph L. Gage
1Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Michael R. White
1Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Jode W. Edwards
2USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
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Shawn Kaeppler
1Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706
3Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Middleton, WI 53562
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Natalia de Leon
1Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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  • For correspondence: ndeleongatti@wisc.edu
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Abstract

Inflorescence capacity plays a crucial role in reproductive fitness in plants, and in production of hybrid crops. Maize is a monoecious species bearing separate male and female flowers (tassel and ear, respectively). The switch from open-pollinated populations of maize to hybrid-based breeding schemes in the early 20th century was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in tassel size, and the trend has continued with modern breeding over the recent decades. The goal of this study was to identify selection signatures in genes that may underlie this dramatic transformation. Using a population of 942 diverse inbred maize accessions and a nested association mapping population comprised of three 200-line biparental populations, we measured 15 tassel morphological characteristics by manual and image-based methods. Genome-wide association studies identified 242 single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with measured traits. We compared 41 unselected lines from the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) population to 21 highly selected lines developed by modern commercial breeding programs and show that tassel size and weight were reduced significantly. We assayed genetic differences between the two groups using selection statistics XP-EHH, XP-CLR, and FST. All three selection statistics show evidence of selection at genomic regions associated with tassel morphology relative to genome-wide null distributions. These results support the tremendous effect, both phenotypic and genotypic, that selection has had on maize male inflorescence morphology.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 18, 2018.
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Selection signatures underlying dramatic male inflorescence transformation during modern hybrid maize breeding
Joseph L. Gage, Michael R. White, Jode W. Edwards, Shawn Kaeppler, Natalia de Leon
bioRxiv 284109; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/284109
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Selection signatures underlying dramatic male inflorescence transformation during modern hybrid maize breeding
Joseph L. Gage, Michael R. White, Jode W. Edwards, Shawn Kaeppler, Natalia de Leon
bioRxiv 284109; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/284109

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