Skip to main content
bioRxiv
  • Home
  • About
  • Submit
  • ALERTS / RSS
Advanced Search
New Results

The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia

View ORCID ProfileVagheesh M. Narasimhan, Nick Patterson, Priya Moorjani, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Swapan Mallick, Nadin Rohland, Rebecca Bernardos, Alexander M. Kim, Nathan Nakatsuka, Iñigo Olalde, Alfredo Coppa, James Mallory, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Janet Monge, Luca M. Olivieri, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Olivia Cheronet, Brendan J. Culleton, Matthew Ferry, Daniel Fernandes, Beatriz Gamarra, Daniel Gaudio, Mateja Hajdinjak, Éadaoin Harney, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Ann Marie Lawson, Megan Michel, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Niraj Rai, Kendra Sirak, Viviane Slon, Kristin Stewardson, Zhao Zhang, Gaziz Akhatov, Anatoly N. Bagashev, Bauryzhan Baitanayev, Gian Luca Bonora, Tatiana Chikisheva, Anatoly Derevianko, Enshin Dmitry, Katerina Douka, Nadezhda Dubova, Andrey Epimakhov, Suzanne Freilich, Dorian Fuller, Alexander Goryachev, Andrey Gromov, Bryan Hanks, Margaret Judd, Erlan Kazizov, Aleksander Khokhlov, Egor Kitov, Elena Kupriyanova, Pavel Kuznetsov, Donata Luiselli, Farhod Maksudov, Christopher Meiklejohn, Deborah Merrett, Roberto Micheli, Oleg Mochalov, Zahir Muhammed, Samariddin Mustafokulov, Ayushi Nayak, Rykun M. Petrovna, Davide Pettener, Richard Potts, Dmitry Razhev, Stefania Sarno, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva, Sergey M. Slepchenko, Nadezhda Stepanova, Svetlana Svyatko, Sergey Vasilyev, Massimo Vidale, Dmitriy Voyakin, Antonina Yermolayeva, Alisa Zubova, Vasant S. Shinde, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Matthias Meyer, David Anthony, Nicole Boivin, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Douglas J. Kennett, Michael Frachetti, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/292581
Vagheesh M. Narasimhan
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Vagheesh M. Narasimhan
Nick Patterson
2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
3Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Priya Moorjani
4Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
5Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Iosif Lazaridis
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mark Lipson
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Swapan Mallick
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nadin Rohland
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Rebecca Bernardos
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alexander M. Kim
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
7Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nathan Nakatsuka
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
8Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Iñigo Olalde
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alfredo Coppa
9Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
James Mallory
10School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Vyacheslav Moiseyev
11Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Janet Monge
12University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Luca M. Olivieri
13ISMEO Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nicole Adamski
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Francesca Candilio
12University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
15Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Città Metropolitana di Cagliari e le Province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari 09124, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Olivia Cheronet
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
16School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
17Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Brendan J. Culleton
18Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
19Institutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Matthew Ferry
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel Fernandes
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
16School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
17Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
20CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Beatriz Gamarra
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
16School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel Gaudio
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mateja Hajdinjak
21Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Éadaoin Harney
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
22Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Thomas K. Harper
18Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
19Institutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Denise Keating
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ann Marie Lawson
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Megan Michel
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
23Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mario Novak
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
24Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jonas Oppenheimer
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Niraj Rai
25CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
26Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226007, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kendra Sirak
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
27Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Viviane Slon
21Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kristin Stewardson
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Zhao Zhang
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Gaziz Akhatov
28Institute of Archaeology A.Kh. Margulan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anatoly N. Bagashev
29Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625003, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Bauryzhan Baitanayev
28Institute of Archaeology A.Kh. Margulan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Gian Luca Bonora
30Archaeology of Asia Department, ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Rome RM00186, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tatiana Chikisheva
31Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anatoly Derevianko
31Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Enshin Dmitry
29Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625003, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Katerina Douka
32Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
33Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nadezhda Dubova
34Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrey Epimakhov
35Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
36South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Suzanne Freilich
17Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Dorian Fuller
37Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H 0PY, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alexander Goryachev
29Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625003, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrey Gromov
11Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Bryan Hanks
38University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anthropology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Margaret Judd
38University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anthropology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Erlan Kazizov
28Institute of Archaeology A.Kh. Margulan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Aleksander Khokhlov
39Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara 443099, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Egor Kitov
34Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Elena Kupriyanova
41Scientific and Educational Center of Study on the Problem of Nature and Man, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454021, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Pavel Kuznetsov
39Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara 443099, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Donata Luiselli
42Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Farhod Maksudov
43Institute for Archaeological Research, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Samarkand 140151, Uzbekistan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Christopher Meiklejohn
44Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Deborah Merrett
45Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Roberto Micheli
13ISMEO Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan
46MiBACT - Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, 34135 Trieste, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Oleg Mochalov
39Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara 443099, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Zahir Muhammed
32Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
47Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Samariddin Mustafokulov
43Institute for Archaeological Research, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Samarkand 140151, Uzbekistan
48Afrosiab Museum, Samarkand 140151, Uzbekistan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ayushi Nayak
32Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Rykun M. Petrovna
49Tomsk State National Research University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Davide Pettener
42Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Richard Potts
50Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Dmitry Razhev
29Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625003, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Stefania Sarno
42Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kulyan Sikhymbaeva
40Central State Museum Republic of Kazakhstan, Samal-1 Microdistrict, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sergey M. Slepchenko
29Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625003, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nadezhda Stepanova
31Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Svetlana Svyatko
10School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
51CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment, and Chronology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sergey Vasilyev
34Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Massimo Vidale
13ISMEO Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan, 19200 Saidu Sharif (Swat), Pakistan
52Department of Cultural Heritage: Archaeology and History of Art, Cinema and Music, University of Padua, Padua 35139, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Dmitriy Voyakin
28Institute of Archaeology A.Kh. Margulan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
53Archaeological Expertise LLP, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Antonina Yermolayeva
28Institute of Archaeology A.Kh. Margulan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alisa Zubova
11Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
31Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Vasant S. Shinde
54Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune 411006, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Carles Lalueza-Fox
55Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Matthias Meyer
21Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
David Anthony
56Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nicole Boivin
32Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kumarasamy Thangaraj
25CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Douglas J. Kennett
18Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
19Institutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Michael Frachetti
57Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
58Spatial Analysis, Interpretation, and Exploration Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ron Pinhasi
14Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
17Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
David Reich
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
59Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Abstract
  • Full Text
  • Info/History
  • Metrics
  • Supplementary material
  • Preview PDF
Loading

Abstract

The genetic formation of Central and South Asian populations has been unclear because of an absence of ancient DNA. To address this gap, we generated genome-wide data from 362 ancient individuals, including the first from eastern Iran, Turan (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan), Bronze Age Kazakhstan, and South Asia. Our data reveal a complex set of genetic sources that ultimately combined to form the ancestry of South Asians today. We document a southward spread of genetic ancestry from the Eurasian Steppe, correlating with the archaeologically known expansion of pastoralist sites from the Steppe to Turan in the Middle Bronze Age (2300-1500 BCE). These Steppe communities mixed genetically with peoples of the Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) whom they encountered in Turan (primarily descendants of earlier agriculturalists of Iran), but there is no evidence that the main BMAC population contributed genetically to later South Asians. Instead, Steppe communities integrated farther south throughout the 2nd millennium BCE, and we show that they mixed with a more southern population that we document at multiple sites as outlier individuals exhibiting a distinctive mixture of ancestry related to Iranian agriculturalists and South Asian hunter-gathers. We call this group Indus Periphery because they were found at sites in cultural contact with the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) and along its northern fringe, and also because they were genetically similar to post-IVC groups in the Swat Valley of Pakistan. By co-analyzing ancient DNA and genomic data from diverse present-day South Asians, we show that Indus Periphery-related people are the single most important source of ancestry in South Asia—consistent with the idea that the Indus Periphery individuals are providing us with the first direct look at the ancestry of peoples of the IVC—and we develop a model for the formation of present-day South Asians in terms of the temporally and geographically proximate sources of Indus Periphery-related, Steppe, and local South Asian hunter-gatherer-related ancestry. Our results show how ancestry from the Steppe genetically linked Europe and South Asia in the Bronze Age, and identifies the populations that almost certainly were responsible for spreading Indo-European languages across much of Eurasia.

One Sentence Summary Genome wide ancient DNA from 357 individuals from Central and South Asia sheds new light on the spread of Indo-European languages and parallels between the genetic history of two sub-continents, Europe and South Asia.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Back to top
PreviousNext
Posted March 31, 2018.
Download PDF

Supplementary Material

Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv.

NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from bioRxiv
(Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the bioRxiv website.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia
Vagheesh M. Narasimhan, Nick Patterson, Priya Moorjani, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Swapan Mallick, Nadin Rohland, Rebecca Bernardos, Alexander M. Kim, Nathan Nakatsuka, Iñigo Olalde, Alfredo Coppa, James Mallory, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Janet Monge, Luca M. Olivieri, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Olivia Cheronet, Brendan J. Culleton, Matthew Ferry, Daniel Fernandes, Beatriz Gamarra, Daniel Gaudio, Mateja Hajdinjak, Éadaoin Harney, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Ann Marie Lawson, Megan Michel, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Niraj Rai, Kendra Sirak, Viviane Slon, Kristin Stewardson, Zhao Zhang, Gaziz Akhatov, Anatoly N. Bagashev, Bauryzhan Baitanayev, Gian Luca Bonora, Tatiana Chikisheva, Anatoly Derevianko, Enshin Dmitry, Katerina Douka, Nadezhda Dubova, Andrey Epimakhov, Suzanne Freilich, Dorian Fuller, Alexander Goryachev, Andrey Gromov, Bryan Hanks, Margaret Judd, Erlan Kazizov, Aleksander Khokhlov, Egor Kitov, Elena Kupriyanova, Pavel Kuznetsov, Donata Luiselli, Farhod Maksudov, Christopher Meiklejohn, Deborah Merrett, Roberto Micheli, Oleg Mochalov, Zahir Muhammed, Samariddin Mustafokulov, Ayushi Nayak, Rykun M. Petrovna, Davide Pettener, Richard Potts, Dmitry Razhev, Stefania Sarno, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva, Sergey M. Slepchenko, Nadezhda Stepanova, Svetlana Svyatko, Sergey Vasilyev, Massimo Vidale, Dmitriy Voyakin, Antonina Yermolayeva, Alisa Zubova, Vasant S. Shinde, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Matthias Meyer, David Anthony, Nicole Boivin, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Douglas J. Kennett, Michael Frachetti, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
bioRxiv 292581; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/292581
Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo LinkedIn logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia
Vagheesh M. Narasimhan, Nick Patterson, Priya Moorjani, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Swapan Mallick, Nadin Rohland, Rebecca Bernardos, Alexander M. Kim, Nathan Nakatsuka, Iñigo Olalde, Alfredo Coppa, James Mallory, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Janet Monge, Luca M. Olivieri, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Olivia Cheronet, Brendan J. Culleton, Matthew Ferry, Daniel Fernandes, Beatriz Gamarra, Daniel Gaudio, Mateja Hajdinjak, Éadaoin Harney, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Ann Marie Lawson, Megan Michel, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Niraj Rai, Kendra Sirak, Viviane Slon, Kristin Stewardson, Zhao Zhang, Gaziz Akhatov, Anatoly N. Bagashev, Bauryzhan Baitanayev, Gian Luca Bonora, Tatiana Chikisheva, Anatoly Derevianko, Enshin Dmitry, Katerina Douka, Nadezhda Dubova, Andrey Epimakhov, Suzanne Freilich, Dorian Fuller, Alexander Goryachev, Andrey Gromov, Bryan Hanks, Margaret Judd, Erlan Kazizov, Aleksander Khokhlov, Egor Kitov, Elena Kupriyanova, Pavel Kuznetsov, Donata Luiselli, Farhod Maksudov, Christopher Meiklejohn, Deborah Merrett, Roberto Micheli, Oleg Mochalov, Zahir Muhammed, Samariddin Mustafokulov, Ayushi Nayak, Rykun M. Petrovna, Davide Pettener, Richard Potts, Dmitry Razhev, Stefania Sarno, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva, Sergey M. Slepchenko, Nadezhda Stepanova, Svetlana Svyatko, Sergey Vasilyev, Massimo Vidale, Dmitriy Voyakin, Antonina Yermolayeva, Alisa Zubova, Vasant S. Shinde, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Matthias Meyer, David Anthony, Nicole Boivin, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Douglas J. Kennett, Michael Frachetti, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
bioRxiv 292581; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/292581

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Subject Area

  • Genomics
Subject Areas
All Articles
  • Animal Behavior and Cognition (3479)
  • Biochemistry (7318)
  • Bioengineering (5296)
  • Bioinformatics (20197)
  • Biophysics (9976)
  • Cancer Biology (7703)
  • Cell Biology (11250)
  • Clinical Trials (138)
  • Developmental Biology (6418)
  • Ecology (9916)
  • Epidemiology (2065)
  • Evolutionary Biology (13280)
  • Genetics (9352)
  • Genomics (12554)
  • Immunology (7674)
  • Microbiology (18939)
  • Molecular Biology (7417)
  • Neuroscience (40893)
  • Paleontology (298)
  • Pathology (1226)
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology (2126)
  • Physiology (3140)
  • Plant Biology (6838)
  • Scientific Communication and Education (1270)
  • Synthetic Biology (1891)
  • Systems Biology (5296)
  • Zoology (1085)