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Neolithic and Medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of Hepatitis B

Ben Krause-Kyora, Julian Susat, Felix M. Key, Denise Kühnert, Esther Bosse, Alexander Immel, Christoph Rinne, Sabin-Christin Kornell, Diego Yepes, Sören Franzenburg, Henrike O. Heyne, Thomas Meier, Sandra Lösch, Harald Meller, Susanne Friederich, Nicole Nicklisch, Kurt Werner Alt, Stefan Schreiber, Andreas Tholey, Alexander Herbig, Almut Nebel, Johannes Krause
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/315531
Ben Krause-Kyora
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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  • For correspondence: b.krause-kyora@ikmb.uni-kiel.de krause@shh.mpg.de
Julian Susat
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Felix M. Key
2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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Denise Kühnert
3Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Esther Bosse
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
4Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Alexander Immel
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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Christoph Rinne
5Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Sabin-Christin Kornell
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Diego Yepes
4Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Sören Franzenburg
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Henrike O. Heyne
6Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Thomas Meier
7Institute for Pre- and Protohistory and Near Eastern Archaeology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sandra Lösch
8Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Harald Meller
9State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany.
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Susanne Friederich
9State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany.
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Nicole Nicklisch
9State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany.
10Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
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Kurt Werner Alt
9State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany.
10Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
11Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
12Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Stefan Schreiber
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
13Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Andreas Tholey
4Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Alexander Herbig
2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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Almut Nebel
1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Johannes Krause
2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
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  • For correspondence: b.krause-kyora@ikmb.uni-kiel.de krause@shh.mpg.de
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Abstract

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread human pathogens known today, yet its origin and evolutionary history are still unclear and controversial. Here, we report the analysis of three ancient HBV genomes recovered from human skeletons found at three different archaeological sites in Germany. We reconstructed two Neolithic and one medieval HBV genomes by de novo assembly from shotgun DNA sequencing data. Additionally, we observed HBV-specific peptides using paleo-proteomics. Our results show that HBV circulates in the European population for at least 7000 years. The Neolithic HBV genomes show a high genomic similarity to each other. In a phylogenetic network, they do not group with any human-associated HBV genome and are most closely related to those infecting African non-human primates. These ancient virus forms appear to represent distinct lineages that have no close relatives today and went possibly extinct. Our results reveal the great potential of ancient DNA from human skeletons in order to study the long-time evolution of blood borne viruses.

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Posted May 06, 2018.
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Neolithic and Medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of Hepatitis B
Ben Krause-Kyora, Julian Susat, Felix M. Key, Denise Kühnert, Esther Bosse, Alexander Immel, Christoph Rinne, Sabin-Christin Kornell, Diego Yepes, Sören Franzenburg, Henrike O. Heyne, Thomas Meier, Sandra Lösch, Harald Meller, Susanne Friederich, Nicole Nicklisch, Kurt Werner Alt, Stefan Schreiber, Andreas Tholey, Alexander Herbig, Almut Nebel, Johannes Krause
bioRxiv 315531; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/315531
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Neolithic and Medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of Hepatitis B
Ben Krause-Kyora, Julian Susat, Felix M. Key, Denise Kühnert, Esther Bosse, Alexander Immel, Christoph Rinne, Sabin-Christin Kornell, Diego Yepes, Sören Franzenburg, Henrike O. Heyne, Thomas Meier, Sandra Lösch, Harald Meller, Susanne Friederich, Nicole Nicklisch, Kurt Werner Alt, Stefan Schreiber, Andreas Tholey, Alexander Herbig, Almut Nebel, Johannes Krause
bioRxiv 315531; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/315531

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