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Omitted variable bias in GLMs of neural spiking activity

View ORCID ProfileIan H. Stevenson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/317511
Ian H. Stevenson
1University of Connecticut, Department of Psychological Sciences
2University of Connecticut, Department of Biomedical Engineering
3CT Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences
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Abstract

Generalized linear models (GLMs) have a wide range of applications in systems neuroscience describing the encoding of stimulus and behavioral variables as well as the dynamics of single neurons. However, in any given experiment, many variables that impact neural activity are not observed or not modeled. Here we demonstrate, in both theory and practice, how these omitted variables can result in biased parameter estimates for the effects that are included. In three case studies, we estimate tuning functions for common experiments in motor cortex, hippocampus, and visual cortex. We find that including traditionally omitted variables changes estimates of the original parameters and that modulation originally attributed to one variable is reduced after new variables are included. In GLMs describing single-neuron dynamics, we then demonstrate how post-spike history effects can also be biased by omitted variables. Here we find that omitted variable bias can lead to mistaken conclusions about the stability of single neuron firing. Omitted variable bias can appear in any model with confounders – where omitted variables modulate neural activity and the effects of the omitted variables covary with the included effects. Understanding how and to what extent omitted variable bias affects parameter estimates is likely to be important for interpreting the parameters and predictions of many neural encoding models.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 21, 2018.
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Omitted variable bias in GLMs of neural spiking activity
Ian H. Stevenson
bioRxiv 317511; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/317511
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Omitted variable bias in GLMs of neural spiking activity
Ian H. Stevenson
bioRxiv 317511; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/317511

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