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A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans

Mackenzie B. Dutton, Peter J. Pierre, View ORCID ProfileJeremy D. Bailoo, Emily Warkins, View ORCID ProfileGeorge F. Michel, View ORCID ProfileAllyson J. Bennett
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/341206
Mackenzie B. Dutton
1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
2Nutritional Sciences, UW-Madison
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Peter J. Pierre
3Behavioral Services Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, UW-Madison
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Jeremy D. Bailoo
4Division of Animal Welfare, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 3012
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Emily Warkins
1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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George F. Michel
5Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC USA
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Allyson J. Bennett
1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Abstract

The housing and care of captive nonhuman primates (NHP) typically meets federal regulations and standards as well as guidelines by private accreditation organizations. There is, however, a gap between such policy, common practices, and the findings of a large empirical research literature on the effects of environmental enrichment (EE), particularly with respect to the degree to which different enrichment strategies lead to a demonstrable improvement of the animal’s psychological wellbeing. Assessment tools to guide decisions about selection and refinement of EE practices are largely missing and our companion paper offers a theoretically grounded qualitative approach to the categorization and assessment of sensory, motor, and cognitive (SMC) EE strategies. Here, we propose and illustrate a model for quantitative assessment of enrichment practices using a sample of research facility, zoo, and sanctuary NHP environmental enrichment plans (EEP). Our scoring technique provides a means for comparing the efficacy of different strategies across facilities and allows for the selection of priority areas for improvement. Overall, our assessment tool provides a framework that has several advantages. It is inherently flexible. It can be tailored to fit a range of species. It can readily be adapted to accommodate new evidence about a specific EE strategy, or new EE strategies, or both. Because a scientifically valid evidence-based framework drives priority, our method is readily adaptable to different types of facilities and is more likely to lead to longer-term benefits, both in terms of the enhancement of psychological wellbeing of captive NHP, and with respect to the judicious use of limited resources.

NHP
nonhuman primates
EE
environmental enrichment
EEP
environmental enrichment plans
SMC
sensory motor cognitive
SSIB
somatic self-injurious behavior
NSSIB
non-somatic self-injurious behavior
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
AWA
Animal Welfare Act
AZA
Association of Zoos and Aquariums
GFAS
Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries
NRC Guide
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted June 08, 2018.
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A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans
Mackenzie B. Dutton, Peter J. Pierre, Jeremy D. Bailoo, Emily Warkins, George F. Michel, Allyson J. Bennett
bioRxiv 341206; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/341206
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A Model Quantitative Assessment Tool for Nonhuman Primate Environmental Enrichment Plans
Mackenzie B. Dutton, Peter J. Pierre, Jeremy D. Bailoo, Emily Warkins, George F. Michel, Allyson J. Bennett
bioRxiv 341206; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/341206

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