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The RopGEF KARAPPO is Essential for the Initiation of Vegetative Reproduction in Marchantia

Takuma Hiwatashi, Koh Li Quan, Yukiko Yasui, Hideyuki Takami, Masataka Kajikawa, Hiroyuki Kirita, Mayuko Sato, Mayumi Wakazaki, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Hidehiro Fukaki, Tetsuro Mimura, Katsuyuki T. Yamato, Kiminori Toyooka, Shinichiro Sawa, Daisuke Urano, Takayuki Kohchi, Kimitsune Ishizaki
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/385682
Takuma Hiwatashi
1Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Koh Li Quan
2Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
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Yukiko Yasui
1Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Hideyuki Takami
1Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Masataka Kajikawa
3Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Hiroyuki Kirita
3Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Mayuko Sato
4RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Mayumi Wakazaki
4RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Katsushi Yamaguchi
5Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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Shuji Shigenobu
5Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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Hidehiro Fukaki
1Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Tetsuro Mimura
1Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Katsuyuki T. Yamato
7Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
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Kiminori Toyooka
4RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Shinichiro Sawa
6Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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Daisuke Urano
2Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
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Takayuki Kohchi
3Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Kimitsune Ishizaki
1Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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  • For correspondence: kimi@emerald.kobe-u.ac.jp
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Summary

Many plants can reproduce vegetatively, producing clonal progeny from vegetative cells; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), a basal land plant, propagates asexually via gemmae, which are clonal plantlets formed in gemma cups on the dorsal side of the vegetative thallus [1]. The initial stage of gemma development involves elongation and asymmetric divisions of a specific type of epidermal cell, called a gemma initial, which forms on the floor of the gemma cup [2, 3]. To investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying gemma development, we focused on two allelic mutants in which no gemma initial formed; these mutants were named karappo, meaning “empty”. We used whole-genome sequencing of both mutants, and molecular genetic analyses to identify the causal gene, KARAPPO (KAR), which encodes a Rop guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RopGEF) carrying a PRONE catalytic domain. In vitro GEF assays showed that the full-length KAR protein and the PRONE domain have significant GEF activity toward MpRop, the only Rop GTPase in M. polymorpha. Moreover, genetic complementation experiments showed a significant role for the N- and C-terminal variable regions in gemma development. Our investigation demonstrated an essential role for KAR/RopGEF in the initiation of plantlet development from a differentiated cell, which may involve cell polarity formation and subsequent asymmetric cell division via activation of Rop signaling, implying a similar developmental mechanism in vegetative reproduction of various land plants.

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Posted August 06, 2018.
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The RopGEF KARAPPO is Essential for the Initiation of Vegetative Reproduction in Marchantia
Takuma Hiwatashi, Koh Li Quan, Yukiko Yasui, Hideyuki Takami, Masataka Kajikawa, Hiroyuki Kirita, Mayuko Sato, Mayumi Wakazaki, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Hidehiro Fukaki, Tetsuro Mimura, Katsuyuki T. Yamato, Kiminori Toyooka, Shinichiro Sawa, Daisuke Urano, Takayuki Kohchi, Kimitsune Ishizaki
bioRxiv 385682; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/385682
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The RopGEF KARAPPO is Essential for the Initiation of Vegetative Reproduction in Marchantia
Takuma Hiwatashi, Koh Li Quan, Yukiko Yasui, Hideyuki Takami, Masataka Kajikawa, Hiroyuki Kirita, Mayuko Sato, Mayumi Wakazaki, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Hidehiro Fukaki, Tetsuro Mimura, Katsuyuki T. Yamato, Kiminori Toyooka, Shinichiro Sawa, Daisuke Urano, Takayuki Kohchi, Kimitsune Ishizaki
bioRxiv 385682; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/385682

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