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Whole genome sequencing and morphological analysis of the human-infecting schistosome emerging in Europe reveals a complex admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites

Julien Kincaid-Smith, Alan Tracey, Ronaldo Augusto, Ingo Bulla, Nancy Holroyd, Anne Rognon, Olivier Rey, Cristian Chaparro, Ana Oleaga, Santiago Mas-Coma, Jean-François Allienne, Christoph Grunau, Matthew Berriman, Jérôme Boissier, Eve Toulza
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/387969
Julien Kincaid-Smith
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Alan Tracey
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 ISA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Ronaldo Augusto
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Ingo Bulla
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, Franceinstitute for Mathematics and Informatics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Nancy Holroyd
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 ISA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Anne Rognon
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Olivier Rey
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Cristian Chaparro
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Ana Oleaga
Parasitology Laboratory, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA, CSIC), Cordel de Merinas, Spain
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Santiago Mas-Coma
Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Jean-François Allienne
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Christoph Grunau
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Matthew Berriman
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 ISA, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Jérôme Boissier
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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  • For correspondence: eve.toulza@univ-perp.fr boissier@univ-perp.fr
Eve Toulza
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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  • For correspondence: eve.toulza@univ-perp.fr boissier@univ-perp.fr
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Abstract

Background Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, the world’s second most important parasitic disease of public health importance after malaria. A peculiar feature of schistosomes is their ability to hybridize. So far, individual hybrid schistosomes are considered as such when they display incongruent genetic signatures at a nuclear (ITS-2) and a mitochondrial [COI] gene. Nevertheless, the introgression levels of any Schistosoma hybrid have never been assessed at the whole genome level. Here we have analysed both the morphological characteristics and the genomic composition of the schistosome that infected over one hundred humans in Corsica during summer 2013. This parasite was determined as a hybrid between the ruminant-infective (Schistosoma bovis] and the human-infective [Schistosoma haematobium] schistosomes. Characterizing precisely the genomic introgression of these hybrids is essential to better understand their life history traits, and the disease dynamics and epidemiology in natura.

Results For this work, we first performed genome assembly improvement and annotation of S. bovis. Whole genome sequencing of the European hybrid revealed that this parasite in strongly introgressed and composed of 77% of sequences of S. haematobium origin, and 23% of S. bovis origin. We also present the morphological characterization of adult hybrids, and compatibility with their potential vector snails. Conclusions: For the first time since the discovery of hybrid schistosomes, these results reveal at the whole genomic level a complex admixture of parental genomes highlighting [i] the high permeability of schistosomes to other species’ alleles, and [ii] the importance of hybrid formation for pushing species boundaries not only conceptionally but also geographically.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 11, 2018.
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Whole genome sequencing and morphological analysis of the human-infecting schistosome emerging in Europe reveals a complex admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites
Julien Kincaid-Smith, Alan Tracey, Ronaldo Augusto, Ingo Bulla, Nancy Holroyd, Anne Rognon, Olivier Rey, Cristian Chaparro, Ana Oleaga, Santiago Mas-Coma, Jean-François Allienne, Christoph Grunau, Matthew Berriman, Jérôme Boissier, Eve Toulza
bioRxiv 387969; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/387969
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Whole genome sequencing and morphological analysis of the human-infecting schistosome emerging in Europe reveals a complex admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites
Julien Kincaid-Smith, Alan Tracey, Ronaldo Augusto, Ingo Bulla, Nancy Holroyd, Anne Rognon, Olivier Rey, Cristian Chaparro, Ana Oleaga, Santiago Mas-Coma, Jean-François Allienne, Christoph Grunau, Matthew Berriman, Jérôme Boissier, Eve Toulza
bioRxiv 387969; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/387969

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