Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of the breast phyllodes tumours is uncertain. Currently, wide surgical removal is the only available treatment option. The histopathological diagnosis of phyllodes tumours is often confused with that of fibroadenomas due to a striking histological resemblance; hence a distinctive biomarker for this tumour type is warranted.
Material & Methods Fresh human breast tissue was obtained from surgically excised breast phyllodes and fibroadenoma tumours (test, 2 cases each), breast cancer (positive control, 2 cases) and normal breast tissue (negative control, 1 case). Immunohistochemistry was performed for the detection of nerve growth factor (NGF) on frozen sections of the test and control tissues fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, using the indirect streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Sandwich ELISA on tissue homogenates of the same test and control cases was also performed to validate the immunohistochemical findings.
Results A marked difference in NGF expression was detected in phyllodes tumours compared to fibroadenomas. The maximum NGF expression was observed in phyllodes tissue followed by cancer tissue, and the least expression in fibroadenomas (3-5 times less than in phyllodes; comparable with normal breast tissue).
Conclusion NGF is known for its growth inducing potential in breast cancer, but its secretion by a benign breast tumour is not known in literature. This study reports abundant NGF secretion by breast phyllodes, raising the possibility of its potential role in tumour pathogenesis and progression that can be exploited therapeutically in future. We also propose that NGF may be used as a distinct biomarker of phyllodes tumours, for differentiating them from fibroadenomas during histopathology.
Abbreviations
- NGF
- nerve growth factor
- TrkA
- tyrosine kinase A receptor
- IHC
- immunohistochemistry
- ELISA
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- IDC
- intra-ductal carcinoma
- CA
- carcinoma
- N-RAS
- oncogene for N-ras protein that regulates cell division
- Akt
- Ak (mouse strain) transforming (retrovirus)/Protein Kinase B
- m-TOR
- mammalian target of rapamycin
- PI3K
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- p
- short arm of chromosome
- q
- long arm of chromosome
- PC12
- neuron-like cell line derived from pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla
- NCBI
- National Center for Biotechnology Information