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Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Sergey N. Makarov, Gene Bogdanov, Gregory M. Noetscher, William Appleyard, Reinhold Ludwig, Juho Joutsa, Zhi-De Deng
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/416065
Sergey N. Makarov
1Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
3NEVA Electromagnetics, LLC, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA
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Gene Bogdanov
1Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Gregory M. Noetscher
1Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
3NEVA Electromagnetics, LLC, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA
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William Appleyard
1Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Reinhold Ludwig
1Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Juho Joutsa
2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
4Department of Neurology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
5Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Zhi-De Deng
6Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract

This study describes a whole-body, non-contact electromagnetic stimulation device based on the concept of a conventional MRI Radio Frequency (RF) resonating coil, but at a much lower resonant frequency (100–150 kHz), with a field modulation option (0.5–100 Hz) and with an input power of up to 3 kW. Its unique features include a high electric field level within the biological tissue due to the resonance effect and a low power dissipation level, or a low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), in the body itself. Because of its large resonator volume together with non-contact coupling, the subject may be located anywhere within the coil over a longer period at moderate and safe electric field levels. The electric field effect does not depend on body position within the resonator. However, field penetration is deep anywhere within the body, including the extremities where muscles, bones, and peripheral tissues are mostly affected. A potential clinical application of this device is treatment of chronic pain. Substantial attention is paid to device safety; this includes both AC power safety and exposure of human subjects to electromagnetic fields. In the former case, we employ inductive coupling which eliminates a direct current path from AC power to the coil. Our design enhances overall device safety at any power level, even when operated under higher-power conditions. Human exposure to electromagnetic fields within the coil is evaluated by performing modeling with two independent numerical methods and with an anatomically realistic multi-tissue human phantom. We show that SAR levels within the body correspond to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standards when the input power level of the amplifier driver does not exceed 3 kW. We also show that electric field levels generally comply with International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection safety standards if the input power level does not exceed 1.5 kW.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 13, 2018.
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Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation
Sergey N. Makarov, Gene Bogdanov, Gregory M. Noetscher, William Appleyard, Reinhold Ludwig, Juho Joutsa, Zhi-De Deng
bioRxiv 416065; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/416065
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Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation
Sergey N. Makarov, Gene Bogdanov, Gregory M. Noetscher, William Appleyard, Reinhold Ludwig, Juho Joutsa, Zhi-De Deng
bioRxiv 416065; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/416065

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