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Phylogeny, evidence for a cryptic plastid, and distribution of Chytriodinium parasites (Dinophyceae) infecting copepods

Jürgen F. H. Strassert, Elisabeth Hehenberger, Javier del Campo, Noriko Okamoto, Martin Kolisko, Thomas A. Richards, Alexandra Z. Worden, Alyson E. Santoro, Patrick J. Keeling
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/418467
Jürgen F. H. Strassert
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Elisabeth Hehenberger
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Javier del Campo
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Noriko Okamoto
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Martin Kolisko
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Thomas A. Richards
bBiosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, UK
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Alexandra Z. Worden
cMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
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Alyson E. Santoro
dDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Patrick J. Keeling
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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ABSTRACT

Spores of the dinoflagellate Chytriodinium are known to infest copepod eggs causing their lethality. Despite the potential to control the population of such an ecologically important host, knowledge about Chytriodinium parasites is limited: we know little about phylogeny, parasitism, abundance, or geographical distribution. We carried out genome sequence surveys on four manually isolated sporocytes from the same sporangium to analyse the phylogenetic position of Chytriodinium based on SSU and concatenated SSU/LSU rRNA gene sequences, and also characterize two genes related to the plastidial heme pathway, hemL and hemY. The results suggest the presence of a cryptic plastid in Chytriodinium and a photosynthetic ancestral state of the parasitic Chytriodinium/Dissodinium clade. Finally, by mapping Tara Oceans V9 SSU amplicon data to the recovered SSU rRNA gene sequences from the sporocytes, we show that globally, Chytriodinium parasites are most abundant within the pico/nano- and mesoplankton of the surface ocean and almost absent within microplankton, a distribution indicating that they generally exist either as free-living spores or host-associated sporangia.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 14, 2018.
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Phylogeny, evidence for a cryptic plastid, and distribution of Chytriodinium parasites (Dinophyceae) infecting copepods
Jürgen F. H. Strassert, Elisabeth Hehenberger, Javier del Campo, Noriko Okamoto, Martin Kolisko, Thomas A. Richards, Alexandra Z. Worden, Alyson E. Santoro, Patrick J. Keeling
bioRxiv 418467; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/418467
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Phylogeny, evidence for a cryptic plastid, and distribution of Chytriodinium parasites (Dinophyceae) infecting copepods
Jürgen F. H. Strassert, Elisabeth Hehenberger, Javier del Campo, Noriko Okamoto, Martin Kolisko, Thomas A. Richards, Alexandra Z. Worden, Alyson E. Santoro, Patrick J. Keeling
bioRxiv 418467; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/418467

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