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The dorsolateral striatum regulates habits by way of performance vigor when actions are initiated

Adam C.G. Crego, Fabián Štoček, Alec G. Marchuk, James E. Carmichael, Matthijs A.A. van der Meer, Kyle S. Smith
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/426031
Adam C.G. Crego
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Fabián Štoček
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Alec G. Marchuk
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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James E. Carmichael
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Matthijs A.A. van der Meer
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Kyle S. Smith
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Abstract

Despite clear evidence linking basal ganglia control to habits, it remains unclear through what mechanisms this control occurs. Here, we demonstrate that a key function of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is to regulate the vigor of a learned behavior at the moment of initiation in a habit-promoting manner. Shifts in vigor by phasic DLS perturbations coincide closely with how outcome-insensitive (i.e., habitual) the behaviors are in both response-based and cue-based task situations. Surprisingly, the control over habit strength by way of changes in vigor occurs without consistent changes in accuracy, suggesting that mechanisms controlling habit and vigor are dissociable from performance governed task rules. Finally, we show that increased DLS activity improves vigor preferentially when learned outcome values are stable, while reduced DLS activity dampens vigor preferentially when outcome values change. These data indicate that improving action vigor could be a principle route by which the basal ganglia facilitate habits.

Contributions

KSS and ACGC: designed research, analyzed data, wrote the paper; ACGC, FS, AGM, MVDM, and EC: Performed research.

Acknowledgements

We thank Kenneth Amaya, Jacqueline Perron-Smith, Elizabeth McNalley, Alyssa DiLeo, Alex Brown, and Dr. Stephen Chang for assistance. This work was supported by an NSF research grant to KSS (IOS 1557987).

Footnotes

  • Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 26, 2018.
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The dorsolateral striatum regulates habits by way of performance vigor when actions are initiated
Adam C.G. Crego, Fabián Štoček, Alec G. Marchuk, James E. Carmichael, Matthijs A.A. van der Meer, Kyle S. Smith
bioRxiv 426031; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/426031
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The dorsolateral striatum regulates habits by way of performance vigor when actions are initiated
Adam C.G. Crego, Fabián Štoček, Alec G. Marchuk, James E. Carmichael, Matthijs A.A. van der Meer, Kyle S. Smith
bioRxiv 426031; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/426031

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