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Genome-wide transcription during early wheat meiosis is independent of synapsis, ploidy level and the Ph1 locus

View ORCID ProfileA.C. Martín, View ORCID ProfileP. Borrill, J. Higgins, A.K. Alabdullah, R.H. RamÍrez-González, D. Swarbreck, View ORCID ProfileC. Uauy, P. Shaw, G. Moore
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/437921
A.C. Martín
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
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  • For correspondence: Azahara.martinramirez@jic.ac.uk
P. Borrill
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
2School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham
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J. Higgins
3Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UZ Norwich, UK
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A.K. Alabdullah
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
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R.H. RamÍrez-González
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
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D. Swarbreck
3Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UZ Norwich, UK
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C. Uauy
3Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UZ Norwich, UK
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P. Shaw
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
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G. Moore
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
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ABSTRACT

Polyploidization is a fundamental process in plant evolution. One of the biggest challenges faced by a new polyploid is meiosis, particularly discriminating between multiple related chromosomes so that only homologous chromosomes synapse and recombine to ensure regular chromosome segregation and balanced gametes. Despite its large genome size, high DNA repetitive content and similarity between homoeologous chromosomes, hexaploid wheat completes meiosis in a shorter period than diploid species with a much smaller genome. Therefore, during wheat meiosis, mechanisms additional to the classical model based on DNA sequence homology, must facilitate more efficient homologous recognition. One such mechanism could involve exploitation of differences in chromosome structure between homologues and homoeologues at the onset of meiosis. In turn, these chromatin changes, can be expected to be linked to transcriptional gene activity. In this study, we present an extensive analysis of a large RNA-Seq data derived from six different genotypes: wheat, wheat-rye hybrids and newly synthesized octoploid triticale, both in the presence and absence of the Ph1 locus. Plant material was collected at early prophase, at the transition leptotene-zygotene, when the telomere bouquet is forming and synapsis between homologues is beginning. The six genotypes exhibit different levels of synapsis and chromatin structure at this stage; therefore, recombination and consequently segregation, are also different. Unexpectedly, our study reveals that neither synapsis, whole genome duplication nor the absence of the Ph1 locus are associated with major changes in gene expression levels during early meiotic prophase. Overall wheat transcription at this meiotic stage is therefore highly resilient to such alterations, even in the presence of major chromatin structural changes. This suggests that post-transcriptional and post-translational processes are likely to be more important. Thus, further studies will be required to reveal whether these observations are specific to wheat meiosis, and whether there are significant changes in post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications in wheat and other polyploid species associated with their polyploidisation.

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Posted October 08, 2018.
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Genome-wide transcription during early wheat meiosis is independent of synapsis, ploidy level and the Ph1 locus
A.C. Martín, P. Borrill, J. Higgins, A.K. Alabdullah, R.H. RamÍrez-González, D. Swarbreck, C. Uauy, P. Shaw, G. Moore
bioRxiv 437921; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/437921
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Genome-wide transcription during early wheat meiosis is independent of synapsis, ploidy level and the Ph1 locus
A.C. Martín, P. Borrill, J. Higgins, A.K. Alabdullah, R.H. RamÍrez-González, D. Swarbreck, C. Uauy, P. Shaw, G. Moore
bioRxiv 437921; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/437921

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