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Genetic distance and social compatibility in the aggregation behavior of Japanese toad tadpoles

View ORCID ProfileKazuko Hase, Masato S. Abe, Masakazu Shimada
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453316
Kazuko Hase
1Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
2Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies [SOKENDAI], Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
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Masato S. Abe
1Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
3RIKEN AIP, Nihonbashi 1-chome Mitsui Building, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
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Masakazu Shimada
1Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Abstract

From microorganism to vertebrates, living things often exhibit social aggregation. One of anuran larvae, dark-bodied toad tadpoles (genus Bufo) are known to aggregate against predators. When individuals share genes from a common ancestor for whom social aggregation was a functional trait, they are also likely to share common recognition cues regarding association preferences, while greater genetic distances make cohesive aggregation difficult. In this study, we conducted quantitative analyses to examine aggregation behavior among three lineages of toad tadpoles: Bufo japonicus japonicus, B. japonicus formosus, and B. gargarizans miyakonis. To determine whether there is a correlation between cohesiveness and genetic similarity among group members, we conducted an aggregation test using 42 cohorts consisting of combinations drawn from a laboratory-reared set belonging to distinct clutches. As genetic indices, we used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles. The results clearly indicated that aggregation behavior in toad tadpoles is directly influenced by genetic distances based on mtDNA sequences and not on MHC haplotypes. Cohesiveness among heterogeneous tadpoles is negatively correlated with the geographic dispersal of groups. Our findings suggest that social incompatibility among toad tadpoles reflects phylogenetic relationships.

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Posted October 25, 2018.
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Genetic distance and social compatibility in the aggregation behavior of Japanese toad tadpoles
Kazuko Hase, Masato S. Abe, Masakazu Shimada
bioRxiv 453316; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453316
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Genetic distance and social compatibility in the aggregation behavior of Japanese toad tadpoles
Kazuko Hase, Masato S. Abe, Masakazu Shimada
bioRxiv 453316; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453316

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