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Phylogenomics of the adaptive radiation of Triturus newts supports gradual ecological niche expansion towards an incrementally aquatic lifestyle

View ORCID ProfileB. Wielstra, View ORCID ProfileE. McCartney-Melstad, View ORCID ProfileJ.W. Arntzen, View ORCID ProfileR.K. Butlin, View ORCID ProfileH.B. Shaffer
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/463752
B. Wielstra
aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
bDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK.
cNaturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
dInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: ben.wielstra@naturalis.nl
E. McCartney-Melstad
aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
eLa Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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J.W. Arntzen
cNaturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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R.K. Butlin
bDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK.
fDepartment of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
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H.B. Shaffer
aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
eLa Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract

Newts of the genus Triturus (marbled and crested newts) exhibit substantial variation in the number of trunk vertebrae (NTV) and a higher NTV corresponds to a longer annual aquatic period. Because the Triturus phylogeny has thwarted resolution to date, the evolutionary history of NTV, annual aquatic period, and their potential coevolution has remained unclear. To resolve the phylogeny of Triturus, we generated a c. 6,000 transcriptome-derived marker data set using a custom target enrichment probe set, and conducted phylogenetic analyses using: 1) data concatenation with RAxML, 2) gene-tree summary with ASTRAL, and 3) species-tree estimation with SNAPP. All analyses produce the same, highly supported topology, despite cladogenesis having occurred over a short timeframe, resulting in short internal branch lengths. Our new phylogenetic hypothesis is consistent with the minimal number of inferred changes in NTV count necessary to explain the diversity in NTV observed today. Although a causal relationship between NTV, body form, and aquatic ecology has yet to be experimentally established, our phylogeny indicates that these features have evolved together, and suggest that they may underlie the adaptive radiation that characterizes Triturus.

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  • Revision after minor revision at MPE

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 02, 2019.
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Phylogenomics of the adaptive radiation of Triturus newts supports gradual ecological niche expansion towards an incrementally aquatic lifestyle
B. Wielstra, E. McCartney-Melstad, J.W. Arntzen, R.K. Butlin, H.B. Shaffer
bioRxiv 463752; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/463752
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Phylogenomics of the adaptive radiation of Triturus newts supports gradual ecological niche expansion towards an incrementally aquatic lifestyle
B. Wielstra, E. McCartney-Melstad, J.W. Arntzen, R.K. Butlin, H.B. Shaffer
bioRxiv 463752; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/463752

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