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Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re-emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep

View ORCID ProfileJohn Flannery, Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo, View ORCID ProfileMartin Ashby, Hannah Brown, View ORCID ProfileSimon Carpenter, View ORCID ProfileLyndsay Cooke, Amanda Corla, Lorraine Frost, View ORCID ProfileSimon Gubbins, Hayley Hicks, View ORCID ProfileMehnaz Qureshi, View ORCID ProfilePaulina Rajko-Nenow, Christopher Sanders, Matthew Tully, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Stephan Zientara, View ORCID ProfileKarin Darpel, Carrie Batten
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/469460
John Flannery
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Martin Ashby
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Hannah Brown
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Simon Carpenter
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Lyndsay Cooke
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Amanda Corla
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Lorraine Frost
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Simon Gubbins
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Hayley Hicks
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Mehnaz Qureshi
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Paulina Rajko-Nenow
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Christopher Sanders
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Matthew Tully
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Emmanuel Bréard
2Université Paris-Est ANSES Alfort, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Corinne Sailleau
2Université Paris-Est ANSES Alfort, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Stephan Zientara
2Université Paris-Est ANSES Alfort, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Karin Darpel
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Carrie Batten
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Summary

The outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 (BTV-8) during 2006-2009 in Europe was the most costly epidemic of the virus in recorded history. In 2015, a BTV-8 strain re-emerged in France which has continued to circulate since then. To examine anecdotal reports of reduced pathogenicity and transmission efficiency, we investigated the infection kinetics of a 2007 UK BTV-8 strain alongside the re-emerging BTV-8 strain isolated from France in 2017. Two groups of eight BTV-naïve British mule sheep were inoculated with 5.75 log10TCID50 ml−1 of either BTV-8 strain. BTV RNA was detected by 2 dpi in both groups with peak viremia occurring between 5-9 dpi. A significantly greater amount of BTV RNA was detected in sheep infected with the 2007 strain (6.0-8.8 log10 genome copies mL−1) than the re-emerging BTV-8 strain (2.9-7.9 log10 genome copies mL−1). All infected sheep developed BTV-specific antibodies by 9 dpi. BTV was isolated from 2 dpi to 12 dpi for 2007 BTV-8-inoculated sheep and from 5 to 10 dpi for sheep inoculated with the remerging BTV-8. In Culicoides sonorensis feeding on the sheep over the period 7-12 dpi, vector competence was significantly higher for the 2007 strain than the re-emerging strain. Both the proportion of animals showing moderate (as opposed to mild or no) clinical disease (6/8 vs 1/8) and the overall clinical scores (median 5.25 vs 3) were significantly higher in sheep infected with the 2007 strain, compared to those infected with the re-emerging strain. However, one sheep infected with the re-emerging strain was euthanized at 16 dpi having developed severe lameness. This highlights the potential of the re-emerging BTV-8 to still cause illness in naïve ruminants with concurrent costs to the livestock industry.

Summary The re-emerging Bluetongue virus serotype 8 still presents a threat to naïve ruminants in Europe despite reduced virulence

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  • ↵a Authors jointly contributed to this manuscript

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Posted November 19, 2018.
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Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re-emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep
John Flannery, Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo, Martin Ashby, Hannah Brown, Simon Carpenter, Lyndsay Cooke, Amanda Corla, Lorraine Frost, Simon Gubbins, Hayley Hicks, Mehnaz Qureshi, Paulina Rajko-Nenow, Christopher Sanders, Matthew Tully, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Stephan Zientara, Karin Darpel, Carrie Batten
bioRxiv 469460; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/469460
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Evidence of reduced viremia, pathogenicity and vector competence in a re-emerging European strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep
John Flannery, Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo, Martin Ashby, Hannah Brown, Simon Carpenter, Lyndsay Cooke, Amanda Corla, Lorraine Frost, Simon Gubbins, Hayley Hicks, Mehnaz Qureshi, Paulina Rajko-Nenow, Christopher Sanders, Matthew Tully, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Stephan Zientara, Karin Darpel, Carrie Batten
bioRxiv 469460; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/469460

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