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Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands

View ORCID ProfileRosa Fregel, View ORCID ProfileAlejandra C. Ordóñez, View ORCID ProfileJonathan Santana-Cabrera, Vicente M. Cabrera, Javier Velasco-Vazquez, Verónica Alberto, Marco A. Moreno-Benítez, Teresa Delgado-Darias, View ORCID ProfileAmelia del Carmen Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Hernández, Jorge Pais, Rafaela González-Montelongo, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, View ORCID ProfileCarlos Flores, M. Carmen Cruz de Mercadal, Nuria Álvarez-Rodríguez, Beth Shapiro, Matilde Arnay, Carlos D. Bustamante
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/486142
Rosa Fregel
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
2Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Alejandra C. Ordóñez
3Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Jonathan Santana-Cabrera
4Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
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Vicente M. Cabrera
2Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Javier Velasco-Vazquez
5Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Verónica Alberto
6Tibicena Arqueología y Patrimonio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Marco A. Moreno-Benítez
6Tibicena Arqueología y Patrimonio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Teresa Delgado-Darias
7Museo Canario, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Amelia del Carmen Rodríguez-Rodríguez
5Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Juan Carlos Hernández
8Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, San Sebastián de La Gomera, Spain.
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Jorge Pais
9Museo Arqueológico Benahoarita, Los Llanos de Aridane, Spain.
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Rafaela González-Montelongo
10Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Granadilla, Spain.
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José M. Lorenzo-Salazar
10Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Granadilla, Spain.
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Carlos Flores
10Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Granadilla, Spain.
11Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N. S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
12CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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M. Carmen Cruz de Mercadal
7Museo Canario, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Nuria Álvarez-Rodríguez
8Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, San Sebastián de La Gomera, Spain.
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Beth Shapiro
13Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.
14Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.
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Matilde Arnay
3Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Carlos D. Bustamante
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
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Abstract

The Canary Islands’ indigenous people have been the subject of substantial archaeological, anthropological, linguistic and genetic research pointing to a most probable North African Berber source. However, neither agreement about the exact point of origin nor a model for the indigenous colonization of the islands has been established. To shed light on these questions, we analyzed 48 ancient mitogenomes from 25 archaeological sites from the seven main islands. Most lineages observed in the ancient samples have a Mediterranean distribution, and belong to lineages associated with the Neolithic expansion in the Near East and Europe (T2c, J2a, X3a…). This phylogeographic analysis of Canarian indigenous mitogenomes, the first of its kind, shows that some lineages are restricted to Central North Africa (H1cf, J2a2d and T2c1d3), while others have a wider distribution, including both West and Central North Africa, and, in some cases, Europe and the Near East (U6a1a1, U6a7a1, U6b, X3a, U6c1). In addition, we identify four new Canarian-specific lineages (H1e1a9, H4a1e, J2a2d1a and L3b1a12) whose coalescence dates correlate with the estimated time for the colonization of the islands (1st millennia CE). Additionally, we observe an asymmetrical distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in the ancient population, with certain haplogroups appearing more frequently in the islands closer to the continent. This reinforces results based on modern mtDNA and Y-chromosome data, and archaeological evidence suggesting the existence of two distinct migrations. Comparisons between insular populations show that some populations had high genetic diversity, while others were probably affected by genetic drift and/or bottlenecks. In spite of observing interinsular differences in the survival of indigenous lineages, modern populations, with the sole exception of La Gomera, are homogenous across the islands, supporting the theory of extensive human mobility after the European conquest.

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Posted December 13, 2018.
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Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands
Rosa Fregel, Alejandra C. Ordóñez, Jonathan Santana-Cabrera, Vicente M. Cabrera, Javier Velasco-Vazquez, Verónica Alberto, Marco A. Moreno-Benítez, Teresa Delgado-Darias, Amelia del Carmen Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Hernández, Jorge Pais, Rafaela González-Montelongo, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Carlos Flores, M. Carmen Cruz de Mercadal, Nuria Álvarez-Rodríguez, Beth Shapiro, Matilde Arnay, Carlos D. Bustamante
bioRxiv 486142; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/486142
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Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands
Rosa Fregel, Alejandra C. Ordóñez, Jonathan Santana-Cabrera, Vicente M. Cabrera, Javier Velasco-Vazquez, Verónica Alberto, Marco A. Moreno-Benítez, Teresa Delgado-Darias, Amelia del Carmen Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Hernández, Jorge Pais, Rafaela González-Montelongo, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Carlos Flores, M. Carmen Cruz de Mercadal, Nuria Álvarez-Rodríguez, Beth Shapiro, Matilde Arnay, Carlos D. Bustamante
bioRxiv 486142; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/486142

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