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Effects of long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership/utilisation indicators on annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in three Health Districts in Cameroon

View ORCID ProfileFrederick Nchang Cho, Paulette Ngum Fru, Blessing Menyi Cho, Solange Fri Munguh, Patrick Kofon Jokwi, Yayah Emerencia Ngah, Celestina Neh Fru, Andrew N Tassang, Albert Same Ekobo
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/488445
Frederick Nchang Cho
1Infectious Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
2Global Health Systems Solutions, Cameroon
3Central African Network for Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and Malaria (CANTAM), University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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  • ORCID record for Frederick Nchang Cho
  • For correspondence: nchang.cho@gmail.com
Paulette Ngum Fru
4Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
5District Health Service Tiko, South West Regional Delegation of Health, Ministry of Health, Cameroon
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Blessing Menyi Cho
6Catholic School of Health Sciences, Saint Elizabeth Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 8 Shisong-Nso, Cameroon
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Solange Fri Munguh
6Catholic School of Health Sciences, Saint Elizabeth Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 8 Shisong-Nso, Cameroon
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Patrick Kofon Jokwi
6Catholic School of Health Sciences, Saint Elizabeth Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 8 Shisong-Nso, Cameroon
7Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board (CBCHB) – HIV Free Project, Kumbo-Cameroon
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Yayah Emerencia Ngah
8District Health Service Bamenda, North West Regional Delegation of Health, Ministry of Health, Cameroon
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Celestina Neh Fru
9Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
10Atlantic Medical Foundation, Mutengene-Cameroon
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Andrew N Tassang
10Atlantic Medical Foundation, Mutengene-Cameroon
11Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Buea, Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
12Buea Regional Hospital Annex, Cameroon
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Albert Same Ekobo
13Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
14Parasitology Laboratory, University Hospital Centre of Yaoundé, Cameroon
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ABSTRACT

Introduction Household residents in malaria endemic areas are at high risk of multiple malaria episodes per year. This study investigated the annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in three health districts in Cameroon.

Methods A community-based cross-sectional household survey using a multi-stage cluster design was conducted 2 – 3 years post campaign to assess long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership, utilisation, and maintenance as well as demographic characteristics. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with household LLIN ownership, utilization, and AHME.

Results Household LLINs ownership, de-facto population with universal utilisation, and AHME were respectively, 92.5%, 16.0%, and 83.4%; thus, 4 out of 25 household residents effectively used LLINs the previous night. AHME was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with age and gender (OR; 1.6, 95% C.I; 1.1 – 2.3) of household head, health district (OR; 2.8, 95% C.I; 1.1 – 7.2) and tiredness (OR; 2.6, 95% C.I; 1.0 – 6.3). LLINs ownership and insufficiency also significantly contributed to AHME. The overall average cost for the treatment of malaria was 6,399.4±4,892.8Fcfa (11.1±8.5US$).

Conclusions The proportion of households with at least one LLIN and those with at least one AHME were high. Findings are of concern given that average cost for the treatment of malaria represents a potentially high economic burden. The results outlined in this paper provide an important tool for the examination of the deficiencies in LLINs regular and universal utilisation.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • This is an update of the analysis and the inclusion of two figures in the results section.

  • ABBREVIATIONS

    95% C.I
    95% Confidence Interval
    AHME
    Annual household malaria episodes
    BHD
    Bamenda Health District
    LLINs
    Long-lasting insecticide nets
    MDC
    Mass distribution campaign
    NFE
    No Formal Education
    OR
    Odds Ratio
    p
    Significance value
    SD
    Standard Deviation
    SHD
    Santa Health District
    THD
    Tiko Health District
    χ2
    Chi square
  • Copyright 
    The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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    Posted July 07, 2021.
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    Effects of long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership/utilisation indicators on annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in three Health Districts in Cameroon
    Frederick Nchang Cho, Paulette Ngum Fru, Blessing Menyi Cho, Solange Fri Munguh, Patrick Kofon Jokwi, Yayah Emerencia Ngah, Celestina Neh Fru, Andrew N Tassang, Albert Same Ekobo
    bioRxiv 488445; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/488445
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    Effects of long-lasting insecticide net (LLINs) ownership/utilisation indicators on annual household malaria episodes (AHMEs) in three Health Districts in Cameroon
    Frederick Nchang Cho, Paulette Ngum Fru, Blessing Menyi Cho, Solange Fri Munguh, Patrick Kofon Jokwi, Yayah Emerencia Ngah, Celestina Neh Fru, Andrew N Tassang, Albert Same Ekobo
    bioRxiv 488445; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/488445

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