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The Effect of Compound Kushen Injection on Cancer Cells: Integrated Identification of Candidate Molecular Mechanisms

Jian Cui, Zhipeng Qu, Yuka Harata-Lee, Hanyuan Shen, Thazin Nwe Aung, Wei Wang, R. Daniel Kortschak, View ORCID ProfileDavid L Adelson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/503318
Jian Cui
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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Zhipeng Qu
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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Yuka Harata-Lee
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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Hanyuan Shen
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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Thazin Nwe Aung
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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Wei Wang
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
2Zhendong Research Institute, Shanxi-Zhendong Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, China
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R. Daniel Kortschak
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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David L Adelson
1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5005
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  • ORCID record for David L Adelson
  • For correspondence: david.adelson@adelaide.edu.au
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Abstract

Background Because Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations are often combinations of multiple herbs containing hundreds of compounds, they have been difficult to study. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a complex mixture cancer treatment used in Chinese hospitals for over twenty years.

Purpose To demonstrate that a systematic analysis of molecular changes resulting from complex mixtures of bioactives from TCM can identify a core set of differentially expressed (DE) genes and a reproducible set of candidate pathways.

Study Design We used a cancer cell culture model to measure the effect of CKI on cell cycle phases, apoptosis and correlate those phenotypes with CKI induced changes in gene expression.

Methods We treated cancer cells with CKI in order to generate and analyse high-throughput transcriptome data from two cancer cell lines. We integrated these differential gene expression results with previously reported results.

Results CKI induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and altered the expression of 363 core candidate genes associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA replication/repair and various cancer pathways. Of these, 7 are clinically relevant to cancer diagnosis or therapy and 14 are cell cycle regulators, and most of these 21 candidates are downregulated by CKI. Comparison of our core candidate genes to a database of plant medicinal compounds and their effects on gene expression identified one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many regulatory relationships between compounds in CKI and DE genes.

Conclusions By identifying promising candidate pathways and genes associated with CKI based on our transcriptome-based analysis, we have shown this approach is useful for the systematic analysis of molecular changes resulting from complex mixtures of bioactives.

Abbreviations
DE
differentially expressed
TCM
traditional Chinese medicine
CKI
compound Kushen injection
GO
Gene Ontology
DO
Disease Ontology
KEGG
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes
PI
propidium iodide.
Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 21, 2018.
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The Effect of Compound Kushen Injection on Cancer Cells: Integrated Identification of Candidate Molecular Mechanisms
Jian Cui, Zhipeng Qu, Yuka Harata-Lee, Hanyuan Shen, Thazin Nwe Aung, Wei Wang, R. Daniel Kortschak, David L Adelson
bioRxiv 503318; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/503318
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The Effect of Compound Kushen Injection on Cancer Cells: Integrated Identification of Candidate Molecular Mechanisms
Jian Cui, Zhipeng Qu, Yuka Harata-Lee, Hanyuan Shen, Thazin Nwe Aung, Wei Wang, R. Daniel Kortschak, David L Adelson
bioRxiv 503318; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/503318

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