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Community size affects the signals of ecological drift and niche selection on biodiversity

View ORCID ProfileTadeu Siqueira, View ORCID ProfileVictor S. Saito, View ORCID ProfileLuis M. Bini, View ORCID ProfileAdriano S. Melo, View ORCID ProfileDanielle K. Petsch, View ORCID ProfileVictor L. Landeiro, View ORCID ProfileKimmo T. Tolonen, View ORCID ProfileJenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola, View ORCID ProfileJanne Soininen, View ORCID ProfileJani Heino
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/515098
Tadeu Siqueira
1Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24 A 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
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  • For correspondence: tadeu.siqueira@unesp.br
Victor S. Saito
2Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, São Carlos, Brazil
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Luis M. Bini
3Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Adriano S. Melo
3Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Danielle K. Petsch
3Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Victor L. Landeiro
4Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, IB, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Kimmo T. Tolonen
5University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola
6University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, Finland
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Janne Soininen
6University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, Finland
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Jani Heino
7Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract

Ecological drift can override the effects of deterministic niche selection on small populations and drive the assembly of small communities. We tested the hypothesis that smaller local communities are more dissimilar among each other because of ecological drift than larger communities, which are mainly structured by niche selection. We used a unique, comprehensive dataset on insect communities sampled identically in a total of 200 streams in climatically different regions (Brazil and Finland) that differ in community size by fivefold. Null models allowed us to estimate the magnitude to which beta diversity deviates from the expectation under a random assembly process while taking differences in species richness and relative abundance into account, i.e., beta deviation. Beta diversity of small tropical communities was consistently higher but closer to null expectations than β-diversity of large communities. However, although β-deviation and community size were strongly related in both regions, the direction of the relationship varied according to dissimilarity metrics. While incidence-based β-diversity was lower than expected (communities were less dissimilar than null expectations) and negatively related to community size in Brazil, abundance-based β-diversity was higher than expected (communities were more dissimilar than null expectations) and positively related to community size in both regions. We suggest that ecological drift drives variation in small communities by increasing the chances of species with low abundance and narrow distribution to occur within the metacommunity. Also, while weak niche selection and high dispersal rates likely reduced variation in community structure among large tropical streams, niche selection was likely sufficient to cause non-random variations in the relative abundances of genera among large communities in both regions. Habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and reductions in connectivity have been reducing the size of biological communities. These environmental pressures will make smaller communities more vulnerable to novel conditions and render community dynamics more unpredictable, as random demographic processes should prevail under these conditions. Incorporation of community size into ecological models should provide conceptual, empirical and applied insights into a better understanding of the processes driving changes in biodiversity.

Footnotes

  • This is the final version submitted to PCI Ecology.

  • https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2620550

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Community size affects the signals of ecological drift and niche selection on biodiversity
Tadeu Siqueira, Victor S. Saito, Luis M. Bini, Adriano S. Melo, Danielle K. Petsch, Victor L. Landeiro, Kimmo T. Tolonen, Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola, Janne Soininen, Jani Heino
bioRxiv 515098; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/515098
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Community size affects the signals of ecological drift and niche selection on biodiversity
Tadeu Siqueira, Victor S. Saito, Luis M. Bini, Adriano S. Melo, Danielle K. Petsch, Victor L. Landeiro, Kimmo T. Tolonen, Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola, Janne Soininen, Jani Heino
bioRxiv 515098; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/515098

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