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Long-distance dispersal shaped the diversity of tribe Dorstenieae (Moraceae)

Qian Zhang, Elliot Gardner, Nyree Zerega, Hervé Sauquet
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/531855
Qian Zhang
1Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
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Elliot Gardner
2The Morton Arboretum, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
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Nyree Zerega
3Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA
4Northwestern University, Plant Biology and Conservation Program, 2205 Tech Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Hervé Sauquet
1Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
2The Morton Arboretum, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
3Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA
4Northwestern University, Plant Biology and Conservation Program, 2205 Tech Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
5National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract

Aim The Neotropics have the highest terrestrial biodiversity on earth. Investigating the relationships between the floras of the Neotropics and other tropical areas is critical to understanding the origin and evolution of this mega-diverse region. Tribe Dorstenieae (Moraceae) has a pantropical distribution and almost equal number of species on both sides of the Atlantic. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the African and Neotropical floras using Dorstenieae (15 genera, 156 species, Moraceae) as a model clade.

Location the Neotropics and Africa.

Methods We used a targeted enrichment strategy with herbarium samples and a nuclear bait set to assemble a data set of 102 genes sampled from 83 (53%) species and fifteen genera (100%) of Dorstenieae, and five outgroup species. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with maximum likelihood and coalescent approaches. This phylogeny was dated with a Bayesian relaxed clock model and four fossil calibrations. The biogeographic history of the group was then reconstructed with several dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis models (incl. DEC and DEC+J).

Results The crown-group ages of Dorstenieae and Dorstenia were estimated in the Cretaceous (65.8-79.8 Ma) and the Paleocene (50.8-67.3 Ma), respectively. Tribe Dorstenieae as a whole appears to have originated in the joint area of continental Africa, Madagascar and Asia-Oceania area. The Neotropical species of Dorstenia diversified in the Eocene (29.8-44.7 Ma) and formed a clade nested within the African lineages in the genus. Brosimum s.l., with a crown-group age at the period of the Oligocene and Miocene (14.9-31.1 Ma), represents another Neotropical clade in Dorstenieae.

Main conclusions Tribe Dorstenieae originated in the joint area of continental Africa, Madagascar and Asia-Oceania area in the Cretaceous and then dispersed into Neotropics twice. Neotropical diversification after long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic is the most plausible explanation for the extant distribution pattern of Dorstenieae.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 28, 2019.
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Long-distance dispersal shaped the diversity of tribe Dorstenieae (Moraceae)
Qian Zhang, Elliot Gardner, Nyree Zerega, Hervé Sauquet
bioRxiv 531855; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/531855
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Long-distance dispersal shaped the diversity of tribe Dorstenieae (Moraceae)
Qian Zhang, Elliot Gardner, Nyree Zerega, Hervé Sauquet
bioRxiv 531855; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/531855

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