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Introgressive and horizontal acquisition of Wolbachia by Drosophila yakuba-clade hosts and horizontal transfer of incompatibility loci between distantly related Wolbachia

View ORCID ProfileBrandon S. Cooper, Dan Vanderpool, William R. Conner, View ORCID ProfileDaniel R. Matute, View ORCID ProfileMichael Turelli
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/551036
Brandon S. Cooper
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr. Missoula, MT 59812
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  • For correspondence: brandon.cooper@umontana.edu
Dan Vanderpool
Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd St. Bloomington, IN 47405
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William R. Conner
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr. Missoula, MT 59812
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Daniel R. Matute
Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27510
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Michael Turelli
Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, California 95616
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ABSTRACT

Maternally transmitted Wolbachia infect about half of insect species, yet the predominant mode(s) of Wolbachia acquisition remains uncertain. Species-specific associations could be old, with Wolbachia and hosts co-diversifying (i.e., cladogenic acquisition), or relatively young and acquired by horizontal transfer or introgression. The three Drosophila yakuba-clade hosts ((D. santomea, D. yakuba), D. teissieri) diverged about three million years ago and currently hybridize on Bioko and São Tomé, west African islands. Each species is polymorphic for nearly identical Wolbachia that cause weak cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)–reduced egg hatch when uninfected females mate with infected males. D. yakuba-clade Wolbachia are closely related to wMel, globally polymorphic in D. melanogaster. We use draft Wolbachia and mitochondrial genomes to demonstrate that D. yakuba-clade phylogenies for Wolbachia and mitochondria tend to follow host nuclear phylogenies. However, roughly half of D. santomea individuals, sampled both inside and outside of the São Tomé hybrid zone, have introgressed D. yakuba mitochondria. Both mitochondria and Wolbachia possess far more recent common ancestors than the bulk of the host nuclear genomes, precluding cladogenic Wolbachia acquisition. General concordance of Wolbachia and mitochondrial phylogenies suggests that horizontal transmission is rare, but varying relative rates of molecular divergence complicate chronogram-based statistical tests. Loci that cause CI in wMel are disrupted in D. yakuba-clade Wolbachia; but, a second set of loci predicted to cause CI are located in the same WO prophage region. These alternative CI loci seem to have been acquired horizontally from distantly related Wolbachia, with transfer mediated by flanking Wolbachia-specific ISWpi1 transposons.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 22, 2019.
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Introgressive and horizontal acquisition of Wolbachia by Drosophila yakuba-clade hosts and horizontal transfer of incompatibility loci between distantly related Wolbachia
Brandon S. Cooper, Dan Vanderpool, William R. Conner, Daniel R. Matute, Michael Turelli
bioRxiv 551036; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/551036
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Introgressive and horizontal acquisition of Wolbachia by Drosophila yakuba-clade hosts and horizontal transfer of incompatibility loci between distantly related Wolbachia
Brandon S. Cooper, Dan Vanderpool, William R. Conner, Daniel R. Matute, Michael Turelli
bioRxiv 551036; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/551036

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