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Polar relaxation by dynein-mediated removal of cortical myosin II

Bernardo Chapa-y-Lazo, Motonari Hamanaka, Alexander Wray, View ORCID ProfileMohan K. Balasubramanian, View ORCID ProfileMasanori Mishima
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/552372
Bernardo Chapa-y-Lazo
1Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Motonari Hamanaka
1Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
2Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Alexander Wray
1Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
3University of Nottingham, UK
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Mohan K. Balasubramanian
1Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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  • ORCID record for Mohan K. Balasubramanian
  • For correspondence: m.k.balasubramanian@warwick.ac.uk m.mishima@warwick.ac.uk
Masanori Mishima
1Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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  • ORCID record for Masanori Mishima
  • For correspondence: m.k.balasubramanian@warwick.ac.uk m.mishima@warwick.ac.uk
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Abstract

Nearly 6 decades ago, Lewis Wolpert proposed the relaxation of the polar cell cortex by the radial arrays of astral microtubules as a mechanism for cleavage furrow induction (White and Borisy, 1983; Wolpert, 1960). While this mechanism has remained controversial (Rappaport, 1996), recent work has provided evidence for polar relaxation by astral microtubules (Chen et al., 2008; Dechant and Glotzer, 2003; Foe and Dassow, 2008; Murthy and Wadsworth, 2008; Werner et al., 2007), although its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using C. elegans embryos, we show that polar relaxation is achieved through dynein-mediated removal of myosin II from the polar cortexes. Mutants that position centrosomes closer to the polar cortex accelerated furrow induction whereas suppression of dynein activity delayed furrowing. We provide evidence that dynein-mediated removal of myosin II from the polar cortexes triggers cortical flow towards the cell equator, which induces the assembly of the actomyosin contractile ring. These studies for the first time provide a molecular basis for the aster-dependent polar relaxation, which works in parallel with equatorial stimulation to promote robust cytokinesis.

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Posted February 16, 2019.
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Polar relaxation by dynein-mediated removal of cortical myosin II
Bernardo Chapa-y-Lazo, Motonari Hamanaka, Alexander Wray, Mohan K. Balasubramanian, Masanori Mishima
bioRxiv 552372; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/552372
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Polar relaxation by dynein-mediated removal of cortical myosin II
Bernardo Chapa-y-Lazo, Motonari Hamanaka, Alexander Wray, Mohan K. Balasubramanian, Masanori Mishima
bioRxiv 552372; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/552372

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