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Biodiversity lost: The phylogenetic relationships of a complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequenced from the extinct wolf population of Sicily

Stefano Reale, Ettore Randi, Floriana Bonanno, Valentina Cumbo, Ignazio Sammarco, Antonio Spinnato, Salvatore Seminara
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/563684
Stefano Reale
1, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Ettore Randi
2Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
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Floriana Bonanno
1, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Valentina Cumbo
1, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Ignazio Sammarco
1, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Antonio Spinnato
1, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Salvatore Seminara
1, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Abstract

Using next-generation sequencing, we obtained for the first time a complete mitochondrial DNA genome from a museum specimen of the extinct wolf (Canis lupus) population of the island of Sicily (Italy). Phylogenetic analyses showed that this genome, which was aligned with a number of historical and extant complete wolf and dog mtDNAs sampled worldwide, was closely related to an Italian wolf mtDNA genome (TN93 and p-distances = 0.0012), five to seven times shorter than divergence among Sicilian and any other known wolf mtDNA genomes (distance range = 0.0050 – 0.0070). Sicilian and Italian haplotypes joined a basal clade belonging to the mtDNA haplogroup-2 of ancient western European wolf populations (Pilot et al. 2010). Bayesian calibration of divergence times indicated that this clade coalesced at MRCA = 13.400 years (with 95% HPD = 4000 – 21.230 years). These mtDNA findings suggest that wolves probably colonized Sicily from southern Italy towards the end of the last Pleistocene glacial maximum, when the Strait of Messina was almost totally dry. Additional mtDNA and genomic data will further clarify the origin and population dynamics before the extinction of wolves in Sicily.

Footnotes

  • E-mails: stefano.reale{at}izssicilia.it; fioriana.bonanno5{at}gmaii.com, netsamma{at}gmail.com, valentina.cumbo{at}gmail.com, antoniospinnato{at}libero.it, salvatore.seminara{at}izssicilia.it

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Posted February 28, 2019.
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Biodiversity lost: The phylogenetic relationships of a complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequenced from the extinct wolf population of Sicily
Stefano Reale, Ettore Randi, Floriana Bonanno, Valentina Cumbo, Ignazio Sammarco, Antonio Spinnato, Salvatore Seminara
bioRxiv 563684; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/563684
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Biodiversity lost: The phylogenetic relationships of a complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequenced from the extinct wolf population of Sicily
Stefano Reale, Ettore Randi, Floriana Bonanno, Valentina Cumbo, Ignazio Sammarco, Antonio Spinnato, Salvatore Seminara
bioRxiv 563684; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/563684

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