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- March 6, 2019.
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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
Author Information
- Daniel Taliun1*,
- Daniel N. Harris2,3,4*,
- Michael D. Kessler2,3,4*,
- Jedidiah Carlson5,6*,
- Zachary A. Szpiech7,8*,
- Raul Torres9*,
- Sarah A. Gagliano Taliun1*,
- André Corvelo10*,
- Stephanie M. Gogarten11,
- Hyun Min Kang1,
- Achilleas N. Pitsillides12,
- Jonathon LeFaive1,
- Seung-been Lee6,
- Xiaowen Tian11,
- Brian L. Browning13,
- Sayantan Das1,
- Anne-Katrin Emde10,
- Wayne E. Clarke10,
- Douglas P. Loesch2,3,4,
- Amol C. Shetty2,3,4,
- Thomas W. Blackwell1,
- Quenna Wong11,
- François Aguet14,
- Christine Albert15,
- Alvaro Alonso16,
- Kristin G. Ardlie14,
- Stella Aslibekyan17,
- Paul L. Auer18,
- John Barnard19,
- R. Graham Barr20,21,
- Lewis C. Becker22,
- Rebecca L. Beer23,
- Emelia J. Benjamin24,25,26,
- Lawrence F. Bielak27,
- John Blangero28,29,
- Michael Boehnke1,
- Donald W. Bowden30,
- Jennifer A. Brody31,32,
- Esteban G. Burchard7,33,
- Brian E. Cade34,35,
- James F. Casella36,37,
- Brandon Chalazan38,
- Yii-Der Ida Chen39,
- Michael H. Cho40,
- Seung Hoan Choi14,
- Mina K. Chung41,42,43,
- Clary B. Clish44,
- Adolfo Correa45,46,47,
- Joanne E. Curran28,29,
- Brian Custer48,49,
- Dawood Darbar50,
- Michelle Daya51,
- Mariza de Andrade52,
- Dawn L. DeMeo40,
- Susan K. Dutcher53,
- Patrick T. Ellinor54,
- Leslie S. Emery11,
- Diane Fatkin55,56,57,
- Lukas Forer58,
- Myriam Fornage59,
- Nora Franceschini60,
- Christian Fuchsberger1,61,
- Stephanie M. Fullerton62,
- Soren Germer10,
- Mark T. Gladwin63,64,65,
- Daniel J. Gottlieb66,67,
- Xiuqing Guo39,
- Michael E. Hall45,
- Jiang He68,69,
- Nancy L. Heard-Costa26,70,
- Susan R. Heckbert32,71,
- Marguerite R. Irvin72,
- Jill M. Johnsen31,73,
- Andrew D. Johnson26,74,
- Sharon L.R. Kardia27,
- Tanika Kelly68,
- Shannon Kelly75,76,77,
- Eimear E. Kenny78,
- Douglas P. Kiel34,79,80,
- Robert Klemmer1,
- Barbara A. Konkle31,73,
- Charles Kooperberg81,
- Anna Köttgen82,83,
- Leslie A. Lange84,
- Jessica Lasky-Su34,35,40,85,
- Daniel Levy24,74,
- Xihong Lin86,
- Keng-Han Lin1,
- Chunyu Liu12,
- Ruth J.F. Loos87,88,
- Lori Garman89,
- Robert Gerszten90,
- Steven A. Lubitz15,
- Kathryn L. Lunetta12,
- Angel C.Y. Mak33,
- Ani Manichaikul91,92,
- Alisa K. Manning93,94,95,
- Rasika A. Mathias96,
- David D. McManus97,
- Stephen T. McGarvey98,99,100,
- James B. Meigs101,
- Deborah A. Meyers102,
- Julie L. Mikulla23,
- Mollie A. Minear23,
- Braxton Mitchell3,4,103,
- Sanghamitra Mohanty104,105,
- May E. Montasser3,4,
- Courtney Montgomery89,
- Alanna C. Morrison106,
- Joanne M. Murabito24,
- Andrea Natale104,105,
- Pradeep Natarajan34,54,107,108,
- Sarah C. Nelson11,
- Kari E. North60,
- Jeffrey R. O’Connell3,4,
- Nicholette D. Palmer30,
- Nathan Pankratz109,
- Gina M. Peloso12,
- Patricia A. Peyser27,
- Wendy S. Post110,
- Bruce M. Psaty31,32,71,111,112,
- D.C. Rao113,
- Susan Redline34,35,
- Alexander P. Reiner71,81,
- Dan Roden114,
- Jerome I. Rotter39,115,
- Ingo Ruczinski116,
- Chloé Sarnowski12,
- Sebastian Schoenherr58,
- Jeong-Sun Seo117,118,119,
- Sudha Seshadri26,120,
- Vivien A. Sheehan121,
- M. Benjamin Shoemaker114,
- Albert V. Smith1,
- Nicholas L. Smith32,71,112,122,
- Jennifer A. Smith27,123,
- Nona Sotoodehnia32,
- Adrienne M. Stilp11,
- Weihong Tang124,
- Kent D. Taylor39,
- Marilyn Telen125,
- Timothy A. Thornton11,
- Russell P. Tracy126,
- David J. Van Den Berg127,
- Ramachandran S. Vasan24,26,
- Karine A. Viaud-Martinez128,
- Scott Vrieze129,
- Daniel E Weeks130,131,
- Bruce S. Weir11,
- Scott T. Weiss34,35,40,85,
- Lu-Chen Weng15,
- Cristen J. Willer5,132,133,
- Yingze Zhang63,64,65,
- Xutong Zhao134,
- Donna K. Arnett135,
- Allison E. Ashley-Koch136,
- Kathleen C. Barnes51,
- Eric Boerwinkle137,138,
- Stacey Gabriel14,
- Richard Gibbs138,
- Kenneth M. Rice11,
- Stephen S. Rich91,92,
- Edwin Silverman40,
- Pankaj Qasba23,
- Weiniu Gan23,
- Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program, TOPMed Population Genetics Working Group†,
- George J. Papanicolaou23,
- Deborah A. Nickerson6,139,140,
- Sharon R. Browning11,
- Michael C. Zody10,
- Sebastian Zöllner1,141,
- James G. Wilson142,
- L Adrienne Cupples12,26,
- Cathy C. Laurie11,
- Cashell E. Jaquish23,
- Ryan D. Hernandez7,143,
- Timothy D. O’Connor2,3,4 and
- Gonçalo R. Abecasis1
- 1Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 2Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
- 3Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
- 4Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
- 5Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 6Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 7Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
- 8Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL;
- 9Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
- 10New York Genome Center, New York, NY;
- 11Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 12Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA;
- 13Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 14The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA;
- 15Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 16Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA;
- 17University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL;
- 18Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI;
- 19Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;
- 20Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY;
- 21Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY;
- 22Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
- 23National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD;
- 24Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA;
- 25Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA;
- 26Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA;
- 27Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 28Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX;
- 29South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX;
- 30Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;
- 31Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 32Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 33Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
- 34Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
- 35Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 36Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
- 37Division of Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
- 38Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC;
- 39Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA;
- 40Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 41Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- 42Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- 43Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- 44Metabolomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA;
- 45Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS;
- 46Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS;
- 47Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS;
- 48Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA;
- 49Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA;
- 50Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL;
- 51School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO;
- 52Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;
- 53McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Genetics, Washington University, St Louis, MO;
- 54Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA;
- 55Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia;
- 56Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia;
- 57Cardiology Department, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia;
- 58Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;
- 59Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX;
- 60Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;
- 61Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy;
- 62Department of Bioethics & Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA;
- 63Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- 64Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- 65Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- 66VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA;
- 67Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 68Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA;
- 69Tulane University Translational Science Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA;
- 70Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA;
- 71Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 72Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL;
- 73Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA;
- 74Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA;
- 75Department of Epidemiology, Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA;
- 76Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA;
- 77Division of Pediatric Hematology, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA;
- 78Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY;
- 79Marcus Institute for Aging Research/Harvard Medical School, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA;
- 80Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA;
- 81Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
- 82Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
- 83Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;
- 84Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO;
- 85Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 86Biostatistics and Statistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA;
- 87The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;
- 88The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;
- 89Division of Genomics and Data Science, Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK;
- 90Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA;
- 91Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA;
- 92Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA;
- 93Department of Medicine/Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 94Department of Medicine, Metabolism Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 95Metabolism Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA;
- 96Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
- 97Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA;
- 98International Health Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI;
- 99Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI;
- 100Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI;
- 101Division Of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA;
- 102University of Arizona;
- 103Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD;
- 104Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David’s Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA;
- 105Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA;
- 106Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX;
- 107Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 108Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
- 109Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;
- 110Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;
- 111Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- 112Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA;
- 113Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO;
- 114Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN;
- 115Department of Medicine, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA;
- 116Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;
- 117Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea;
- 118Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea;
- 119Gong Wu Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea;
- 120Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX;
- 121Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX;
- 122Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA;
- 123Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 124Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
- 125Duke University;
- 126University of Vermont, Burlington, VT;
- 127University of Southern California, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA;
- 128Illumina Clinical Genomics Laboratory Services, San Diego, CA;
- 129Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;
- 130Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- 131Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- 132Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 133Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 134Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 135Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY;
- 136Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC;
- 137University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX;
- 138Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX;
- 139Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, WA;
- 140Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA;
- 141Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;
- 142Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS;
- 143Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Correspondence to: Gonçalo Abecasis goncalo{at}umich.edu University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Timothy D. O’Connor timothydoconnor{at}gmail.com University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore St, Baltimore 21201 Ryan Hernandez ryan.hernandez{at}mcgill.ca McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC Canada, H3A 0G1 Cathy C. Laurie cclaurie{at}uw.edu University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 Cashell E. Jaquish jaquishc{at}nhlbi.nih.gov National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive Bethesda, MD 20892-7936 L. Adrienne Cupples adrienne{at}bu.edu Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, CT3, Boston, MA 02118
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work