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CHIME: CMOS-hosted in-vivo microelectrodes for massively scalable neuronal recordings

View ORCID ProfileMihaly Kollo, View ORCID ProfileRomeo Racz, Mina Hanna, View ORCID ProfileAbdulmalik Obaid, Matthew R Angle, William Wray, Yifan Kong, View ORCID ProfileAndreas Hierlemann, Jan Müller, Nicholas A Melosh, View ORCID ProfileAndreas T Schaefer
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/570069
Mihaly Kollo
Neurophysiology of Behaviour Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UKDepartment of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London
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Romeo Racz
Neurophysiology of Behaviour Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
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Mina Hanna
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USAETH Zurich, Department Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
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Abdulmalik Obaid
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Matthew R Angle
Paradromics, San Jose, CA, USA
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William Wray
Neurophysiology of Behaviour Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
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Yifan Kong
Paradromics, San Jose, CA, USA
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Andreas Hierlemann
ETH Zurich, Department Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
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Jan Müller
MaxWell Biosystems AG, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, Switzerland
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Nicholas A Melosh
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Andreas T Schaefer
Neurophysiology of Behaviour Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UKDepartment of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London
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Summary

Mammalian brains consist of 10s of millions to 100s of billions of neurons operating at millisecond time scales, of which current recording techniques only capture a tiny fraction. Recording techniques capable of sampling neural activity at such temporal resolution have been difficult to scale: The most intensively studied mammalian neuronal networks, such as the neocortex, show layered architecture, where the optimal recording technology samples densely over large areas. However, the need for application-specific designs as well as the mismatch between the threedimensional architecture of the brain and largely two-dimensional microfabrication techniques profoundly limits both neurophysiological research and neural prosthetics.

Here, we propose a novel strategy for scalable neuronal recording by combining bundles of glass-ensheathed microwires with large-scale amplifier arrays derived from commercial CMOS of in-vitro MEA systems or high-speed infrared cameras. High signal-to-noise ratio (<20 μV RMS noise floor, SNR up to 25) is achieved due to the high conductivity of core metals in glass-ensheathed microwires allowing for ultrathin metal cores (down to <1 μm) and negligible stray capacitance. Multi-step electrochemical modification of the tip enables ultra-low access impedance with minimal geometric area and largely independent of core diameter. We show that microwire size can be reduced to virtually eliminate damage to the blood-brain-barrier upon insertion and demonstrate that microwire arrays can stably record single unit activity.

Combining microwire bundles and CMOS arrays allows for a highly scalable neuronal recording approach, linking the progress of eglectrical neuronal recording to the rapid scaling of silicon microfabrication. The modular design of the system allows for custom arrangement of recording sites. Our approach of employing bundles of minimally invasive, highly insulated and functionalized microwires to lift a 2-dimensional CMOS architecture into the 3rd dimension can be translated to other CMOS arrays such as electrical stimulation devices.

Footnotes

  • (kollom{at}crick.ac.uk), (rracz{at}crick.ac.uk), (mhanna{at}stanford.edu), (amobaid{at}stanford.edu), (mangle{at}paradromics.com), (wray2112{at}gmail.com), (ykong{at}paradromics.com), (andreas.hierlemann{at}bsse.ethz.ch), (jan.mueller{at}mxwbio.com), (nmelosh{at}stanford.edu), (andreas.schaefer{at}crick.ac.uk)

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 08, 2019.
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CHIME: CMOS-hosted in-vivo microelectrodes for massively scalable neuronal recordings
Mihaly Kollo, Romeo Racz, Mina Hanna, Abdulmalik Obaid, Matthew R Angle, William Wray, Yifan Kong, Andreas Hierlemann, Jan Müller, Nicholas A Melosh, Andreas T Schaefer
bioRxiv 570069; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/570069
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CHIME: CMOS-hosted in-vivo microelectrodes for massively scalable neuronal recordings
Mihaly Kollo, Romeo Racz, Mina Hanna, Abdulmalik Obaid, Matthew R Angle, William Wray, Yifan Kong, Andreas Hierlemann, Jan Müller, Nicholas A Melosh, Andreas T Schaefer
bioRxiv 570069; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/570069

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