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Zika virus seroprevalence declines and neutralization antibodies wane in adults following outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji

View ORCID ProfileAlasdair D Henderson, View ORCID ProfileMaite Aubry, Mike Kama, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Anita Teissier, Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle, Tuterarii Paoaafaite, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, W John Edmunds, Jimmy Whitworth, Conall H Watson, Colleen L Lau, View ORCID ProfileVan-Mai Cao-Lormeau, View ORCID ProfileAdam J Kucharski
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/578211
Alasdair D Henderson
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (A. D. Henderson, W. J. Edmunds PhD, J. Whitworth MD, C. H. Watson FFPH, A. J. Kucharski PhD)
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Maite Aubry
2Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia (M Aubry PhD, A Teissier, T Mariteragi-Helle, T Paoaafaite, V-M Cao-Lormeau PhD)
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Mike Kama
3Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control and the University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji (M. Kama MD)
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Jessica Vanhomwegen
4Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J. Vanhomwegen PhD, J.-C. Manuguerra PhD)
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Anita Teissier
2Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia (M Aubry PhD, A Teissier, T Mariteragi-Helle, T Paoaafaite, V-M Cao-Lormeau PhD)
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Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle
2Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia (M Aubry PhD, A Teissier, T Mariteragi-Helle, T Paoaafaite, V-M Cao-Lormeau PhD)
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Tuterarii Paoaafaite
2Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia (M Aubry PhD, A Teissier, T Mariteragi-Helle, T Paoaafaite, V-M Cao-Lormeau PhD)
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Jean-Claude Manuguerra
4Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (J. Vanhomwegen PhD, J.-C. Manuguerra PhD)
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W John Edmunds
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (A. D. Henderson, W. J. Edmunds PhD, J. Whitworth MD, C. H. Watson FFPH, A. J. Kucharski PhD)
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Jimmy Whitworth
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (A. D. Henderson, W. J. Edmunds PhD, J. Whitworth MD, C. H. Watson FFPH, A. J. Kucharski PhD)
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Conall H Watson
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (A. D. Henderson, W. J. Edmunds PhD, J. Whitworth MD, C. H. Watson FFPH, A. J. Kucharski PhD)
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Colleen L Lau
5Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (C. L. Lau)
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Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau
2Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia (M Aubry PhD, A Teissier, T Mariteragi-Helle, T Paoaafaite, V-M Cao-Lormeau PhD)
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Adam J Kucharski
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (A. D. Henderson, W. J. Edmunds PhD, J. Whitworth MD, C. H. Watson FFPH, A. J. Kucharski PhD)
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SUMMARY

Background Serosurveys published following major outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) have so far shown a high level of seroprevalence from samples collected within 12 months of the first confirmed case. A common assumption is that ZIKV infection confers long-term protection against reinfection, preventing ZIKV from re-emerging in previously affected areas for many years. However, the long-term immune response to ZIKV following an outbreak remains poorly documented.

Methods We compared results from eight serological surveys, with sample sizes ranging from 49 to 700, before and after known ZIKV outbreaks in the Pacific region: five from cross-sectional studies of schoolchildren and the general population in French Polynesia over a seven-year period; and three from a longitudinal cohort in Fiji over a four-year period.

Findings We found strong evidence of a decline in seroprevalence in both countries over a two-year period following first reported ZIKV transmission. In the cohort in Fiji, there was also a significant decline in antibody titres against ZIKV. However, the decline in seroprevalence was concentrated in adults, while high seroprevalence persisted in children.

Interpretation The observed patterns of long-term anti-ZIKV antibody levels following outbreaks in the Pacific could be an early indication of the dynamics of population immunity in Latin America. Given that ZIKV antibody levels can wane substantially over time, follow-up seroprevalence studies and prospective clinical trial designs in Latin America may need to be revised, and assumptions about the potential for ZIKV to re-emerge may need to be revisited.

Funding Pacific Funds, ANR, MRC, Wellcome, Royal Society.

Footnotes

  • ↵1 Katzelnick, L. C., Gresh, L., Halloran, M. E., Mercado, J. C., Kuan, G., Gordon, A.,… Harris, E. (2017). Antibody-dependent enhancement of severe dengue disease in humans. Science

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 15, 2019.
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Zika virus seroprevalence declines and neutralization antibodies wane in adults following outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji
Alasdair D Henderson, Maite Aubry, Mike Kama, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Anita Teissier, Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle, Tuterarii Paoaafaite, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, W John Edmunds, Jimmy Whitworth, Conall H Watson, Colleen L Lau, Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau, Adam J Kucharski
bioRxiv 578211; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/578211
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Zika virus seroprevalence declines and neutralization antibodies wane in adults following outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji
Alasdair D Henderson, Maite Aubry, Mike Kama, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Anita Teissier, Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle, Tuterarii Paoaafaite, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, W John Edmunds, Jimmy Whitworth, Conall H Watson, Colleen L Lau, Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau, Adam J Kucharski
bioRxiv 578211; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/578211

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