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Untapped viral diversity in global soil metagenomes

View ORCID ProfileEmily B. Graham, View ORCID ProfileDavid Paez-Espino, View ORCID ProfileColin Brislawn, View ORCID ProfileRussell Y. Neches, View ORCID ProfileKirsten S. Hofmockel, Ruonan Wu, View ORCID ProfileNikos C. Kyrpides, View ORCID ProfileJanet K. Jansson, View ORCID ProfileJason E. McDermott
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/583997
Emily B. Graham
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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David Paez-Espino
2Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
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Colin Brislawn
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Russell Y. Neches
2Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
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Kirsten S. Hofmockel
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Ruonan Wu
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Nikos C. Kyrpides
2Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
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Janet K. Jansson
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Jason E. McDermott
1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Abstract

Viruses outnumber every other biological entity on Earth, and soil viruses are particularly diverse compared to other habitats. However, we have limited understanding of soil viruses because of the tremendous variation in soil ecosystems and because of the lack of appropriate screening tools. Here, we determined the global distribution of more than 24,000 soil viral sequences and their potential hosts, including >1,600 sequences associated with giant viruses. The viral sequences, derived from 668 terrestrial metagenomes, greatly extend existing knowledge of soil viral diversity and viral biogeographical distribution. We screened these sequences to identify a suite of cosmopolitan auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) encoding enzymes involved in soil organic carbon decomposition across soil biomes. Additionally, we provide evidence for viral facilitation of multi-domain linkages in soils by locating a fungal chitosanase in bacteriophages, generating a new paradigm of how viruses can serve as exchange vectors of carbon metabolism across domains of life.

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Posted March 25, 2019.
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Untapped viral diversity in global soil metagenomes
Emily B. Graham, David Paez-Espino, Colin Brislawn, Russell Y. Neches, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, Ruonan Wu, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Janet K. Jansson, Jason E. McDermott
bioRxiv 583997; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/583997
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Untapped viral diversity in global soil metagenomes
Emily B. Graham, David Paez-Espino, Colin Brislawn, Russell Y. Neches, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, Ruonan Wu, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Janet K. Jansson, Jason E. McDermott
bioRxiv 583997; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/583997

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