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Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts

Ivan L. Simpson-Kent, Delia Fuhrmann, Joe Bathelt, Jascha Achterberg, Gesa Sophia Borgeest, the CALM Team, Rogier A. Kievit
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/593509
Ivan L. Simpson-Kent
aMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
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  • For correspondence: Ivan.Simpson-Kent@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk
Delia Fuhrmann
aMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
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Joe Bathelt
bDutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Jascha Achterberg
aMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
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Gesa Sophia Borgeest
aMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
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Rogier A. Kievit
aMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
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Abstract

Despite the reliability of intelligence measures in predicting important life outcomes such as educational achievement and mortality, the exact configuration and neural correlates of cognitive abilities remain poorly understood, especially in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the factorial structure and neural substrates of child and adolescent intelligence using two cross-sectional, developmental samples (CALM: N=551 (N=165 imaging), age range: 5-18 years, NKI-Rockland: N=337 (N=65 imaging), age range: 6-18 years). In a preregistered analysis, we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the neurocognitive architecture of individual differences in childhood and adolescent cognitive ability. In both samples, we found that cognitive ability in lower and typical-ability cohorts is best understood as two separable constructs, crystallized and fluid intelligence, which became more distinct across development, in line with the age differentiation hypothesis. Further analyses revealed that white matter microstructure, most prominently the superior longitudinal fasciculus, was strongly associated with crystallized (gc) and fluid (gf) abilities. Finally, we used SEM trees to demonstrate evidence for developmental reorganization of gc and gf and their white matter substrates such that the relationships among these factors dropped between 7-8 years before increasing around age 10. Together, our results suggest that shortly before puberty marks a pivotal phase of change in the neurocognitive architecture of intelligence.

Footnotes

  • We have further explained/clarified the findings, updated the figures to improve visualization and include additional relevant information, and added to the Supplementary Material section.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 18, 2019.
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Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts
Ivan L. Simpson-Kent, Delia Fuhrmann, Joe Bathelt, Jascha Achterberg, Gesa Sophia Borgeest, the CALM Team, Rogier A. Kievit
bioRxiv 593509; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/593509
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Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts
Ivan L. Simpson-Kent, Delia Fuhrmann, Joe Bathelt, Jascha Achterberg, Gesa Sophia Borgeest, the CALM Team, Rogier A. Kievit
bioRxiv 593509; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/593509

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