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Muscle fiber hypertrophy in response to 6 weeks of high-volume resistance training in trained young men is largely attributed to sarcoplasmic hypertrophy

Cody T. Haun, Christopher G. Vann, Shelby C. Osburn, Petey W. Mumford, Paul A. Roberson, Matthew A. Romero, Carlton D. Fox, Christopher A. Johnson, Hailey A. Parry, Andreas N. Kavazis, Jordan R. Moon, Veera L.D. Badsia, Benjamin M. Mwashote, Victor Ibeanusi, Kaelin C. Young, View ORCID ProfileMichael D. Roberts
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/596049
Cody T. Haun
1Department of Exercise Science, LaGrange College, LaGrange, GA USA
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Christopher G. Vann
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Shelby C. Osburn
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Petey W. Mumford
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Paul A. Roberson
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Matthew A. Romero
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Carlton D. Fox
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Christopher A. Johnson
3School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Hailey A. Parry
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Andreas N. Kavazis
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
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Jordan R. Moon
4Impedimed, Carlsbad, CA USA
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Veera L.D. Badsia
5School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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Benjamin M. Mwashote
5School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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Victor Ibeanusi
5School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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Kaelin C. Young
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
6Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL USA
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Michael D. Roberts
2School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
6Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL USA
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  • ORCID record for Michael D. Roberts
  • For correspondence: mdr0024@auburn.edu
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ABSTRACT

Cellular adaptations that occur during skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to high-volume resistance training are not well-characterized. Therefore, we sought to explore how actin, myosin, sarcoplasmic protein, mitochondrial, and glycogen concentrations were altered in individuals that exhibited mean skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) hypertrophy following 6 weeks of high-volume resistance training. Thirty-one previously resistance-trained, college-aged males (mean ± standard deviation: 21±2 years, 5±3 training years) had vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies obtained prior to training (PRE), at week 3 (W3), and at week 6 (W6). Muscle tissue from 15 subjects exhibiting PRE to W6 VL mean fCSA increases ranging from 320-1600 μm2 was further interrogated using various biochemical and histological assays as well as proteomic analysis. Seven of these individuals donated a VL biopsy after refraining from training 8 days following the last training session (W7) to determine how deloading affected biomarkers. The 15 fCSA hypertrophic responders experienced a +23% increase in mean fCSA from PRE to W6 (p<0.001) and, while muscle glycogen concentrations remained unaltered, citrate synthase activity levels decreased by 24% (p<0.001) suggesting mitochondrial volume decreased. Interestingly, both myosin and actin concentrations decreased ~30% from PRE to W6 (p<0.05). Phalloidin-actin staining similarly revealed actin concentrations per fiber decreased from PRE to W6. Proteomic analysis of the sarcoplasmic fraction from PRE to W6 indicated 40 proteins were up-regulated (p<0.05), KEGG analysis indicated that the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was upregulated (FDR sig. <0.001), and DAVID indicated that the following functionally-annotated pathways were upregulated (FDR value <0.05): a) glycolysis (8 proteins), b) acetylation (23 proteins), c) gluconeogenesis (5 proteins) and d) cytoplasm (20 proteins). At W7, sarcoplasmic protein concentrations remained higher than PRE (+66%, p<0.05), and both actin and myosin concentrations remained lower than PRE (~−50%, p<0.05). These data suggest that short-term high-volume resistance training may: a) reduce muscle fiber actin and myosin protein concentrations in spite of increasing fCSA, and b) promote sarcoplasmic expansion coincident with a coordinated up-regulation of sarcoplasmic proteins involved in glycolysis and other metabolic processes related to ATP generation. Interestingly, these effects seem to persist up to 8 days following training.

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Posted April 02, 2019.
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Muscle fiber hypertrophy in response to 6 weeks of high-volume resistance training in trained young men is largely attributed to sarcoplasmic hypertrophy
Cody T. Haun, Christopher G. Vann, Shelby C. Osburn, Petey W. Mumford, Paul A. Roberson, Matthew A. Romero, Carlton D. Fox, Christopher A. Johnson, Hailey A. Parry, Andreas N. Kavazis, Jordan R. Moon, Veera L.D. Badsia, Benjamin M. Mwashote, Victor Ibeanusi, Kaelin C. Young, Michael D. Roberts
bioRxiv 596049; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/596049
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Muscle fiber hypertrophy in response to 6 weeks of high-volume resistance training in trained young men is largely attributed to sarcoplasmic hypertrophy
Cody T. Haun, Christopher G. Vann, Shelby C. Osburn, Petey W. Mumford, Paul A. Roberson, Matthew A. Romero, Carlton D. Fox, Christopher A. Johnson, Hailey A. Parry, Andreas N. Kavazis, Jordan R. Moon, Veera L.D. Badsia, Benjamin M. Mwashote, Victor Ibeanusi, Kaelin C. Young, Michael D. Roberts
bioRxiv 596049; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/596049

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